Amelioration of soil fertility by woody perennials in cropping fields: evaluation of three tree species in the semi-arid zone of Nigeria

Soil was sampled from cropping fields in radial patterns from beneathAcacia albida, Parkia bigloboza(Jacq.) Benth. andEucalyptus camaldulensisDehnh. near Zaria, Nigeria. Results of analysis show a significant coarsening of soil texture and a decrease in organic matter and cation exchange capacity with increasing distance from all three tree species at a depth of 0–15 cm. Concentrations of nitrogen and some exchangeable cations decreased significantly with increasing distance from beneath acacia and parkia, and soil pH decreased with increasing distance from eucalyptus. The implication of the results for land management are discussed in relation to increasing productivity and soil use sustainability.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠土壤沙化发生条件及对土壤性状影响

土壤沙化是土壤发育逆向演替恢复母质特性的过程，土壤沙化发生条件可以概括为４个方面：土壤干旱是沙化的根本条件、植被衰败为风沙活动创造了条件、土壤质地轻是沙化物质基础、大风和频繁起沙风是沙化的动力条件。土壤沙化结果使土壤粗粒化、贫瘠化，同时也使土壤含盐量降低。     

Effect of environmental factors on the flora of alluvial fans in southern Sinai

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the floristic and structural characteristics of simple alluvial fan vegetation of southern Sinai and to relate them to environmental variation. The main question addressed was: how does the floristic composition of fan habitats, species richness and life-form vary in relation to environmental change? Thirty-seven alluvial fans, randomly selected in two mainwadis(WadiFeiran andWadiDahab) were analysed quantitively. Two-way Indicator Species Analysis (TWINSPAN) classification and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were applied in successive stages of the data analysis to describe vegetational variation in relation to physical gradients. Seven main clusters of fans were defined on the basis of environmental variation. These clusters are divided into three main groups of species richness. Species richness varied along a moisture gradient. The richest fans were the driest habitats, indicating that maximum species richness did not occur at high moisture availability. The moisture gradient is a complex gradient correlated with elevation, slope, climatic aridity, soil texture and the nature of the soil surface. Fine sand, silt plus clay and calcium carbonate showed significant differences between the internal groups and subgroups of the first and second level of the TWINSPAN classification.     

冻土蠕变的渐进屈服准则

基于冻土蠕变的现象分析表明，冻土蠕变的破坏是由于冻土中非弹性变形积累的结果，在冻土的任何变形阶段都存在着非弹性变形。非弹性变形的积累在一定条件下导致了冻土渐进屈服的出现，渐进屈服反过来又促进了冻土蠕变的进一步增加。     

高围压下冻结砂土的强度特性

在高围压条件下，对冻结兰州砂土在不同温度和不同应变速度下进行三轴压缩试验，试验结果表明，围压的增大和应变速度的减小明显增强了冻土的塑性性能；同时，随围压的增大，冻土的抗剪强度增加，但随围压的进一步增加，它出现降低的趋势，存在一个临界 围压，此临界围压值随温度的变化而变化，但不随应变速率而变化。     

某滑坡区滑带土工程地质特性研究

本文论述了某滑坡滑带土的工程地质特性及其滑坡稳定性的影响，为滑坡的合理整治提供了依据。     

三面临空单薄破碎岩体帷幕灌浆设计与施工尝试

本文阐述了三面临空单薄破碎岩体帷幕灌浆的设计和施工方法，进而讨论和验证了该方法的合理性及效果，同时，本文还讨论了在类似条件下灌浆压力值的确定及施工工艺。工程经灌浆后十余年的检验，证明所采用的设计方案符合工程实际。     

祁连山地区1310年以来湿润指数及其年际变幅的变化与突变分析

本文通过用树木年轮资料重建的祁连山地区5～7月份1310年以来的湿润指数序列，建立了一个反映该地区湿润指数年际变幅序列，对这两个序列分别进行了等级分类和干湿、强弱的时段分析，并用最大熵谱分析法对这两个序列的不同时段分别进行了周期分析。采用HK突变检验方法对这两个序列分别进行了突变分析，发现祁连山地区的湿润指数及其年际变幅存在明显的突变年份。