Trends and short-term prospects for copper demand

In recent years, the rate of consumption of minerals and energy has been increasing. Herein, a few fundamental components of mineral consumption including population growth, rising standard of living, advances in technology, and economic growth are analyzed. Copper is one of the best resources for illustrating the growth of metal consumption and components of that growth because statistical data for copper are quite comprehensive. Among the various factors examined, an index of rising standards of living is the most significant factors explaining growth of copper consumption.     

基于政府采购活动交易数据的东北地区城市网络研究

政企联系是企业外部联系的重要组成部分,基于政府采购活动交易数据构建的城市间供需网络可为城市网络研究提供一个新的视角。采用2018年中国政府采购活动的交易数据,构建东北地区供需城市网络,结合GIS空间分析和社会网络分析方法,揭示东北地区城市网络的空间联系格局和网络结构特征,并对其影响机制进行探讨。结果显示：中央项目层面,空间联系结构呈现出以长春为辐射中心,以哈大城市走廊为主要轴线的联系格局;地方项目网络主要表现为三省内分别以哈尔滨、长春及沈阳为中心的辐射状联系特征;且两种网络涉及节点和联系轴线数量明显不同。哈尔滨、长春及沈阳三大省会城市在网络中占据绝对中心位置,主要扮演着供应商的角色,同时城市网络中存在多个凝聚子群。基于政企联系的东北地区城市供需网络的空间结构受城市经济实力、行政壁垒、地理距离、项目预算来源以及政策引导等多方面的影响。     

系统动力学-多目标规划整合模型在秦皇岛市水资源规划中的应用

应用系统动力学-多目标规划整合模型对秦皇岛市城市水资源利用结构进行了优化研究,首先预测秦皇岛市在以1999年为基准年,不进行结构调整状态下的总体发展趋势,从中获取有关水资源的供需信息,然后进行水资源利用结构分析,找出存在的问题,据此进行城市总体结构和水资源利用结构的优化研究,获得了秦皇岛市区水资源利用规划方案;将所得规划结果输入系统动力学模型,对规划方案实施后的社会、经济和环境后果进行了合理预测.     

生态系统服务供需关系及空间流动研究进展（英文）

基于生态系统服务供需关系的空间流动研究是连接生态系统服务供给与人类福祉的关键环节。理解生态系统服务产生、流动、使用的全部过程,准确评估生态系统服务供需平衡状况,建立供给与需求之间双向反馈关系,对于科学管理生态系统和保障区域资源可持续发展具有重要意义。综合大量相关文献,本文从生态系统服务供需关系角度出发,归纳了生态系统服务供给、需求的概念和评估方法,阐述了全球变化背景下,土地利用和气候变化两个主要驱动力对生态系统服务时空变化的影响。系统梳理了生态系统服务空间流动方面的研究进展,发现目前研究在文化服务的量化、生态系统服务流动动态研究以及生态系统服务的驱动机制研究方面存在不足,提出明确生态系统服务驱动机制和转移过程、实现生态系统服务不同时空尺度之间的相互转换,是未来将生态系统服务研究更好地用于实践的重要方法。     

全球能源-矿产资源供需估计与国际贸易转型管理系统关系

本文在研究未来全球矿产资源发展趋势和国际矿产资源经济贸易管理方面出现的主要问题,以及全球能源与重要矿产资源供需形势基本估计基础上,重点进行评价-安全机制、应对策略、产业政策、协调-合作和管理立法等有关转型方面的论述,并将其诸方面转型视为一个系统,提出资源经济贸易管理系统的思想,该思想的核心是将国际资源经济贸易中所涉及到多个学科(经济学、矿床学和管理学等)和数个环节作为一个有机的整体进行系统性地运作,针对现存问题进行统一管理和研究,最大限度分享境外资源以及预先设定矿产资源全球性配置工作,处理好未来矿产资源形势评估与国际经济贸易转型管理之间的关系。     

城市绿地空间供需评价与布局优化——以徐州中心城区为例

以徐州市为例,基于0.25 m空间分辨率的Google影像与网络爬虫技术获取空间绿地与居住小区人口;采用两步移动搜索法评价小区尺度的绿地供给情况,结合相关标准分析其空间供需状况;为最大限度减少绿地供给不达标小区数量,用空间启发式算法搜索合适的低效工业地块转换为绿地得到优化的绿地布局。研究发现：徐州中心城区绿地供需存在空间不公平,39%的小区绿地供给小于20.1 m ²的需求标准,供给饱和区主要在云龙湖与泉山森林公园片区,不足区则主要在老城与金山桥片区;绿地空间配置应与人口空间分布保持一致,因此要在高层住宅集聚区配置大中型公园绿地;在空间上选取合适数量与位置的低效工业地块转换为绿地,转换431 hm ²的工业地块可使绿地不达标小区数目减少37个,而得到优化的绿地空间布局。     

Exploitation,Utilization Status,and Development Prospects of Water Resources in Ningbo City

Water resources insufficiency is one of the bottlenecks that restrict sustainable socio-economic development in Ningbo city. Good handling of the relationship between water resources utilization and development is of great significance for the realization of continuous economic growth and sustainable socio-economic development. This study systematically evaluated water resources utilization with respect to water supply and demand. Water resources development and utilization prospects and regional differences were then assessed at multiple scales, at both county/district and city level in Ningbo city, using the water resources carrying index. Results showed that: (1) The volume of water resources supply and consumption gradually rose each year, with surface water as the primary source and groundwater as the secondary source. Regarding consumption, industrial water consumption was the primary element, and domestic and environmental water consumption were the secondary elements. Even though the use of water resources for irrigation, secondary and, tertiary industry were becoming more efficient, comprehensive per capita water consumption was gradually increasing. (2) The water resources carrying index for Ningbo city fluctuated in the range of 4.51-23.35 during 2001-2015; the degree of water resource utilization and potential exploitation evaluation of water resources were not stable. The average value of the water resources carrying index was 11.68; the degree of utilization of water resources was very high, and the introduction of water from external water bodies was necessary, to the extent external source were available. (3) Future water resources exploitation will be quite difficult in Ningbo city, especially in Cixi county, Ningbo municipal district and Yuyao county. So the introduction of external water as a supplemental source will be required.