上海黏土压缩指数和回弹指数经验关系

压缩指数Cc和回弹指数Cs是土力学中表征土体变形特性的两个重要参数指标,可通过室内一维固结试验获得。但是试验过程耗时长,因此,很多学者提出了压缩指数Cc与物理指标（尤其是液限wL、天然含水率wn、初始孔隙比e0和塑性指数Ip）的经验关系。通过对比国内外压缩指数经验关系,发现压缩指数与天然含水率和孔隙比关系离散性较小,分别给出了一个统一的经验关系。采用薄壁取土器从上海某一场地取得第②～⑥层土的原状土样进行固结试验,并搜集整理分析已有文献中的试验数据和上海69个场地的岩土勘察数据,给出了上海典型土层压缩指数Cc与wL、wn、e0、Ip的经验关系。同时发现,Cc/n0与Cc以及Cs/n0与Cs（n0为初始孔隙率）之间具有高度的线性关系,从而给出了基于初始孔隙率n0预测上海黏土压缩指数Cc和回弹指数Cs的经验关系。分析了压缩指数和回弹指数的关系,结果表明,上海正常固结黏土Cc/Cs分布在4.8～6.9之间,平均值约为5.8;超固结黏土Cc/Cs分布在3.3～5.2之间,平均值约为4.3。     

上海大都市游憩商业区的型态模式研究

文章在城市游憩商业区(RBD)的研究进展基础上,采用REcEn模型,对上海都市区RBD作了识别;提出了上海都市区RBD系统存在叠加、伴生、增长极、点轴4种模式8种型态;并从城市产业结构调整、居住职能转移、商业服务业发展和行政区划等视角,探讨了大都市区RBD系统的动力机制,揭示了上海都市区RBD系统的发展趋势。     

Impact of Tourists＇Perceived Value on Behavioral Intention for Mega Events：Analysis of Inbound and Domestic Tourists at Shanghai World Expo

Based on the survey data for 2120 inbound and domestic tourists at the Shanghai World Expo,a structural equation model was constructed for the relationship among tourists’ perceived value dimensions,behavioral intention and revisit intention.Additionally,the influence of tourists’ perceived value dimensions on the behavioral intention and revisit intention was explored.The results show that the utilitarian value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists’ behavioral intention,while the convenience value and aesthetic value have no significant influence.The service value only significantly affects the domestic tourists’ behavioral intention,and the aesthetic value only significantly affects the inbound tourists’ behavioral intention.The utilitarian value,service value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists’ revisit intention,while the convenience value only significantly affects the domestic tourists’ revisit intention.The utilitarian value is the primary factor affecting the inbound tourists’ behavioral intention and revisit intention,and the perceived price has no significant effect on either inbound or domestic tourists’ behavioral intention or revisit intention.The study explores the relationships between tourists’ perceived value,behavioral intention and revisit intention,analyzes the divergence and causation,theoretically enriches the research field of tourism geography and behavioral geography,and has great practical significance to the sustainable development of mega events in China,including the further development of the Shanghai World Expo.     

既有三轴剪力仪的自动化改造及应用

为了开发新的上海软土本构模型,需要对既有的旧型三轴仪进行自动化改造,为获得大量试验数据提供物质基础。在分析既有设备的系统构造后,根据三轴仪的基本原理,对围压及反压加压路径进行全面改造,提高了可靠性并简化了操作流程;同时实现了位移测量和体积变化测量的自动化。最后进行了上海黏土试验以验证设备的可靠性。改造工作将原有闲置仪器进行充分再利用,改善了科研条件。介绍的方法可直接或者稍加改动后用于其他类似三轴仪的改造。     

Seismic hazard and risk in Shanghai and estimation of expected building damage

The People's Republic of China is in the process of rapid demographic, economic and urban change including nationwide engineering and building construction at an unprecedented scale. The mega-city of Shanghai is at the centre of China's modernisation. Rapid urbanisation and building growth have increased the exposure of people and property to natural disasters. The seismic hazard of Shanghai and its vicinity is presented from a seismogenic free-zone methodology. A PGA value of 49 cm s⁻² and a maximum intensity value of VII for the Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale (a scale similar to the Modified Mercalli) for a 99% probability of non-exceedance in 50 years are determined for Shanghai city. The potential building damage for three independent districts of the city centre named Putuo, Nanjing Road and Pudong are calculated using damage vulnerability matrices. It is found that old civil houses of brick and timber are the most vulnerable buildings with potentially a mean probability value of 7.4% of this building structure type exhibiting the highest damage grade at intensity VII.     

Study of ozone “weekend effect” in Shanghai

Analysis of observed ozone data in 2006 from five monitoring sites (Xujiahui, Chongming, Baoshan, Pudong, Jinshan) in Shanghai reveals that ozone (O_3) concentrations in Xujiahui are higher at week-ends than those on weekdays, despite the fact that emissions of ozone precursor substances, such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are lower at weekends than those on weekdays. The possible chemical cause of ozone "weekend effect" is that NO_2/NO ratio increases at weekends by 25.61% compared with those on weekdays. In addition, because of an average 12.13% reduction in NOx (NO NO_2) in the early morning (05:00-09:00) at weekends compared with that on weekdays, the ozone inhibition period ends 0.5 h earlier at weekends resulting in the longer duration of ozone accumulation and the higher ozone production rate. The rate of ozone production is a function of VOCs and NOx in the atmosphere. VOCs/NOx ratio in Xujiahui is 4.55 at weekends, and 4.37 on weekdays, belonging to the "NOx-limited". The increasing VOCs/NOx ratio at weekends leads to ozone enhancement from 73 ppbv to 80 ppbv, which are consistent with ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui. Furthermore, combining with MICAPS cloud amount data, the fact that ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui weakens gradually along with the increasing of cloud amount indicates that ozone photochemical production leads to ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui of Shanghai.     

K0应力路径试验在上海地区工程勘察中的应用

上海地区在进行软粘性土的变形特性试验时,勘察过程中极少进行对原状土在不同应力路径下的变形及强度试验研究,这使得报告中提供的参数不能很好地和基坑开挖卸荷过程中土体地层的实际相吻合。本文以上海市徐家汇某深大基坑项目为例,在勘察阶段进行K0应力路径三轴试验,试验内容为对选取的代表性土样进行加荷、卸荷及再加荷,并记录各阶段的应力应变及变形模量。对试验结果的分析表明,应力路径对软粘性土的影响较明显,K0应力路径可以较为真实地反映土体在天然状态下进行基坑开挖过程中的变形特性。建议以后在对变形敏感的深大基坑工程中加强推广应用。     

基于GIS的上海中心城区公园避难可达性研究

绿地公园对于城市防灾减灾发挥着重要应急避难作用,其空间布局的合理性直接影响到城市综合减灾效益。基于空间可达性理论和防灾避难要求,采用2SFCA模型和ArcGIS集成技术,定量研究上海中心城区公园的应急避难服务与居民避难需求之间的平衡关系。结果表明:当避难可达距离d0为500~2 000 m时,公园避难可达性呈现"中心地区弱、边缘地区强"的趋势;当d0为1 500 m时,现有城市公园避难服务范围达最大,服务人口比重达22.9%;城市公园空间布局及规模与人口分布格局不匹配是影响避难可达性空间分布差异的主要因素;适当增设学校、广场等作为避难空间以及合理设置公园的避难服务半径和规划专门的避难道路等有利于改善上海中心城区居民避难的可达性。     

MAKING SUSTAINABLE CREATIVE/CULTURAL SPACE IN SHANGHAI AND SINGAPORE*

ABSTRACT. Shanghai and Singapore are two economically vibrant Asian cities that have recently adopted creative/cultural economy strategies. In this article I examine new spatial expressions of cultural and economic interests in the two cities: state‐vaunted cultural edifices and organically evolved cultural spaces. I discuss the simultaneous precariousness and sustainability of these spaces, focusing on Shanghai's Grand Theatre and Moganshan Lu and on Singapore's Esplanade—Theatres by the Bay and Wessex Estate. Their cultural sustainability is understood as their ability to support the development of indigenous content and local idioms in artistic work. Their social sustainability is examined in terms of the social inclusion and community bonds they engender; environmental sustainability refers to the articulation with the language of existing urban forms and the preservation of or improvements to the landscape. Although both Shanghai and Singapore demonstrate simultaneous precariousness and sustainability, Singapore's city‐state status places greater pressure on it to ensure sustainability than does Shanghai, within a much larger China in which Beijing serves as the cultural hearth while Shanghai remains essentially a commercial center.     

上海浦东发展路径研究

浦东开发在我国30年经济改革中具有里程碑式的意义。在分析浦东不同发展阶段主要开发内容与特征的基础上,归纳出了浦东区域发展路径的5个特点:实施外源型产业战略与设立较高产业进入门槛、拓展融资渠道与建立创投基金、重视功能分区与发挥产业集聚效益、注重政策引导与政策适时更新、建立高效政府与扶持中介服务机构。从提升浦东可持续发展能力的角度,指出了应该着力解决浦东外资依赖严重、自主创新能力不强等问题,以提升浦东产业的核心竞争力。