The consequences of land-cover changes on soil erosion distribution in Slovakia

Soil erosion is a complex process determined by mutual interaction of numerous factors. The aim of erosion research at regional scales is a general evaluation of the landscape susceptibility to soil erosion by water, taking into account the main factors influencing this process. One of the key factors influencing the susceptibility of a region to soil erosion is land cover. Natural as well as human-induced changes of landscape may result in both the diminishment and acceleration of soil erosion. Recent studies of land-cover changes indicate that during the last decade more than 4.11% of Slovak territory has changed. The objective of this study is to assess the influence of land-cover and crop rotation changes over the 1990–2000 period on the intensity and spatial pattern of soil erosion in Slovakia. The assessment is based on principles defined in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) modified for application at regional scale and the use of the CORINE land cover (CLC) databases for 1990 and 2000. The C factor for arable land has been refined using statistical data on the mean crop rotation and the acreage of particular agricultural crops in the districts of Slovakia. The L factor has been calculated using sample areas with parcels identified by LANDSAT TM data. The results indicate that the land-cover and crop rotation changes had a significant influence on soil erosion pattern predominately in the hilly and mountainous parts of Slovakia. The pattern of soil erosion changes exhibits high spatial variation with overall slightly decreased soil erosion risks. These changes are associated with ongoing land ownership changes, changing structure of crops, deforestation and afforestation.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区作物生产潜力影响因素分析——以王家沟流域为例

针对黄土丘陵沟壑区土壤侵蚀非常严重、作物产量低而不稳以及农业生产力水平低下的特点 ,本文首先分析了近几年来王家沟流域不同种类和不同年份作物生产力变化的特征 ,然后在地理信息系统 (GIS)技术支持下 ,利用基于土壤侵蚀条件下的YIELD作物生产力模型并结合各作物的实际观测资料 ,从降雨量、气温等气象因素以及地膜覆盖、施肥、梯田等耕作措施两方面分析了该小流域作物生产力变化的原因 ,结果表明在气象因素 (大气降水 )和土壤侵蚀的共同影响下 ,土壤水分和养分的变化是影响该区域作物生产力变化的主要制约因素。     

南海北部深水区荔湾凹陷构造演化及其石油地质意义

荔湾凹陷北与白云凹陷相邻,南与双峰盆地（南海西北次海盆）相接,发育于洋陆过渡边界,具有独特的结构构造特征。选取荔湾凹陷为研究对象,在3D地震资料解释的基础上,以断裂特征分析厘定凹陷性质、构造古地貌恢复解析凹陷结构,进而指出古地貌恢复和构造演化对油气勘探的影响。研究获得三方面的创新性认识：①荔湾凹陷为洋陆过渡壳上发育的断坳,断坳作用占主导地位;②32Ma的底辟作用将荔湾凹陷改造为“四洼三凸”的构造格局,恩平组沉积期凹陷北部是一个连通的洼陷;③恩平组沉积期连通洼陷的古地貌有利于三角洲（烃源岩）的发育,背斜型圈闭的定型受控于32Ma的底辟作用,是荔湾凹陷油气勘探的有利目标。     

绿色金融如何影响中国城市环境污染？——以雾霾污染为例

文章将绿色金融纳入环境规制的分析框架,以2016－2019年中国289个地级以上城市雾霾污染为例,使用空间杜宾模型探讨绿色金融、环境规制、产业结构、技术水平对雾霾治理的影响,侧重分析了绿色金融与其他因素的交互作用。结果表明：绿色金融具有空间溢出效应,本地绿色金融可以降低周边地区雾霾污染;绿色金融能够与环境规制协同互补,以优化产业结构、提升技术水平的方式促成雾霾治理。绿色金融的结构效应弱于环境规制,在中部地区并不显著;绿色金融的技术效应强于环境规制,能够激励不同地区技术创新。文章启示,绿色金融与环境规制能够相互增益,应建立区域间绿色金融合作机制,增强绿色金融的普惠性,助力区域产业转型和污染治理。     

像元信息分解和决策树相结合的影像分类方法

该文提出了一种基于像元信息分解和决策树相结合的遥感自动分类方法。选择广州市番禺区作为研究区。用像元信息分解和多变量决策树法把TM影像分为水体、植被、水泥地、土壤4种基本组分,分离成4类树枝;分别以4种基本地物组分作为分类掩膜,采用BP神经网络分类、形状指数提取、光谱特征提取等复合方法进行分枝,并开展野外遥感调查,以提高和验证分类精度。结果表明：该方法保证了分枝时地物的纯洁度,有效地避免了地物提取时多余信息的干扰和影响,提高了分类精度。结合实地调查数据与最大似然分类算法进行对比实验,表明该模型比最大似然总体分类精度高16％。     

RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN EL HATILLO, NICARAGUA: GENDER, NEOLIBERALISM AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

El Hatillo is a rural community in the Sébaco valley in Nicaragua, which suffers from an eroding resource base, high levels of poverty and malnutrition, and a high susceptibility to hazards. Structural adjustment policies have been devastating for small and subsistence farmers and have increased the level of economic, social and environmental marginalisation in rural Nicaragua. This paper explores initiatives to promote sustainable development in Nicaragua in the context of structural adjustment and environmental degradation. Drawing on qualitative research conducted in El Hatillo, it outlines the ways in which women in this community are attempting to address the multiple challenges of rural poverty and environmental risk and considers the potential of these strategies for gender equality.     

黑龙江省五常地区重力场特征及区域地质构造特征分析

区域重力调查工作,对断裂的空间位置及区域构造分区是主要地质任务之一。本文利用布格重力异常,进行深部场、浅部场的分析。通过场的分离对区域场与剩余场特征分析;经过异常转换信息划分区域地质构造界线,特别是对Ⅲ级构造单元的划分从重力异常成果中,获得三高二低趋势,通过深大断裂划分确定区域地质构造分区界线,从而重新划分该区Ⅲ级以上构造区块位置,本次工作成果将为今后该区研究工作带来新的信息。     

基于地统计学和GIS技术的呼伦湖溶解氧的空间变异特征分析

呼伦湖是内蒙古第一大湖,在草原生态环境保护中举足轻重。在气候变化和人类活动的影响下,呼伦湖的水环境状况不容乐观。为了掌握呼伦湖水体的水质状况,在实地采样的基础上,基于地统计学半方差函数理论和GIS克立格空间插值方法,定量分析了呼伦湖水体溶解氧含量的空间变异特征及分布格局。结果表明：溶解氧的半方差拟合最优模型为球面模型,该水质参数具有强烈的空间自相关性;空间分布上,结合地表水环境质量标准,呼伦湖大部分水域的水质为IV类;考虑到鱼类等水生生物的生存需要,呼伦湖整体的溶解氧状况基本适合鱼类的生长,其中比较适合的区域分布在湖中部。     

珠江三角洲区域一体化研究综合信息系统的设计与应用

在分析地理信息系统技术发展与应用现状的基础上,设计了珠江三角洲区域一体化研究综合信息系统的结构框架。根据珠江三角洲的实际情况,并在经济地理学,城市地理学,区域科学等理论的指导下,开发了针对该区域一体化研究的模型分析系统。基于元数据库的数据集成与模型管理技术,能对不同数据源,不同数据类型与时空特性的多元数据处理与分析。本综合信息系统在区域产业布局,资源窨组合,城市体系空间结构演化等方面得到应用,将为     

Overcoming Trade Impediments: Considering SME Exporters from Nova Scotia

Firms often encounter location-based impediments that hinder them from engaging with international markets. These challenges can be exacerbated for smaller firms, which often have limited resources and exposure to global markets. This article examines successful small and medium-sized exporters from Nova Scotia, a province with decreased export activity in recent years. It explores these firms’ trade-related motivations, their impediments, and the strategies that they have used to address possible location-related problems. Although geographical distance does not appear to be a competitive challenge, other issues emerge, including travel expenditures and the costs of export intelligence gathering. Successful exporters have overcome many potential impediments by using government trade programs, establishing and maintaining face-to-face contacts, and working with international partners.