基于南海定点观测数据的强风场特性研究

为了满足我国海洋工程抗风设计需求,在南海某海洋平台定点开展了原型测量工作。通过对海面上82 m和29 m两处开展实测工作,获得了冬季寒潮和超强台风"尤特"影响下的风场现场实测数据。利用非平稳过程分析方法对两类强风过程的脉动风分量、湍流强度、阵风因子、湍流积分尺度和脉动风谱等风场特性进行了分析。验证了脉动风分布的高斯性,给出了湍流强度与阵风因子的非线性拟合参数,分析了不同高度处风场特性剖面变化规律,证明了脉动风实测谱与Von Karman经验谱的良好拟合关系。     

2013年四川芦山MS7.0地震 强地面运动模拟

运用经验格林函数法模拟2013年4月20日芦山M_S7.0地震的近场强地面运动. 在拟合过程中, 首先参考前人远场反演结果给出的滑动量分布特征和主震波形的包络线特征, 确定强震动生成区的大致范围和数量; 然后利用Somerville等提出的地震矩与凹凸体面积的经验关系式确定强震动生成区细小划分的初值, 继而利用遗传优化算法确定以上二者的最优值及其它震源参数. 将数值模拟波形与实际地震观测记录在时间域和频率域分别进行比较, 结果显示, 在所选取的30个观测台站中, 多数台站的数值模拟结果与实际观测结果符合得很好, 特别是大于1 Hz的高频部分. 断层面上有两个强震动生成区, 其位置与前人反演的滑动量集中分布区相一致, 而且强震动生成区规模比Somerville等获得的标度率估计值要小.      

不同仪器烈度算法在四川地区 历次地震中的比较应用

强震观测资料包括强震动时程记录资料和宏观震害调查资料两大类, 前者是定量的微观数据, 后者则是定性的宏观指标. 本文明晰给出了微观仪器烈度与宏观仪器烈度、 微观考察烈度与宏观考察烈度的概念, 并在此基础上提出了只有在宏观仪器烈度与宏观考察烈度之间进行比较才具有实质性的意义;同时对国内外常见的仪器烈度算法进行了比较性研究, 得出了袁一凡仪器烈度算法可靠性更高的结论;最后以四川地区历年来重要震例的强震动记录为依据, 对修正的袁一凡仪器烈度算法的可靠性进行了比较应用. 结果表明, 对袁一凡仪器烈度算法修正与扩展的应用是可行的, 同时也验证了将微观仪器烈度与宏观考察烈度直接进行比较会存在较大的差距.      

参照标准点探测PS法

提出参照标准点探测PS法。既考虑PS的强散射特性,又顾及其稳定性,且初选时振幅阈值的设置参照每景影像中PS标准点的振幅值,精选时振幅离差阈值的设置也参照这些PS标准点的振幅离差值,都不需要人工设定。选取澳门半岛为实验区,以18景TerraSAR-X为数据源,进行PS探测实验。结果表明,相比于传统的PS探测方法,本方法能更快速、有效、可靠地探测出SAR影像中的PS。     

陆态网络腾冲台连续重力观测质量分析

对陆态网络腾冲台2012-07-01~2013-06-30连续重力观测资料进行处理,获得该台站观测精度及噪声水平。结果表明,腾冲台1~100s噪声水平在9×10^-8ms^-2左右,100s~100min噪声水平在0.3×10^-8ms^-2左右,白噪声水平为0.509×10^-8ms^-2,对O₁波、M₂波等主要潮波振幅因子测量精度达到SG-053超导重力仪的观测量级,其中M₂波振幅因子测量精度最高（为0.000 18）。腾冲台可为川滇地区强震和腾冲火山活动监测、震前重力变化及相关研究提供高精度、可靠的连续重力观测资料。     

Development and validation of nonlinear computational models of dispersed structures under strong earthquake excitation

Structural health monitoring of large multispan flexible bridges is particularly important because of their important role in civil infrastructure and transportation systems. In this study, the response of the Yokohama Bay Bridge (YBB), a three‐span cable‐stayed bridge, to the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake is used to perform multi‐input multi‐output system identification studies. The extensive multicomponent measurements are also used to develop and validate data‐driven nonlinear mathematical models that can predict the response of YBB to various earthquake records and can accurately estimate its damping characteristics when the system is driven into the nonlinear response range. A combination of least‐square (parametric) and neural network (nonparametric) approaches is used to develop the mathematical models, along with time‐marching techniques for dynamic response calculations. It is shown that the nonlinear mathematical models perform better than the equivalent linear models, both for response prediction and damping estimation. The importance of having an accurate approach for quantifying the damping due to the variety of nonlinear features in the YBB response is shown. This study demonstrates the significance of constructing robust mathematical models that can capture the correct physics of the underlying system and that can be used for computational purposes to augment experimental studies. Given the lack of suitable data sets for full‐scale structures under extreme loads, the availability of the long‐duration measurements from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and its many strong aftershocks provides an excellent opportunity to perform the analyses presented in this study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prediction of site factors by a non‐parametric approach

The problem addressed in this paper is the estimation of the (de)amplification of ground motion at soil sites (compared to rock sites) as a function of the intensity of the ground motion. A non‐parametric empirical approach, called the Conditional Average Estimator (CAE) method, has been used, which is different from all existing approaches. Site factors (SFs) for sites characterized with V_s30 between 180 and 360 m/s were predicted for the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and the spectral accelerations by using a combined database of recorded ground motions. Based on the results of the study, site factors for PGA and selected spectral accelerations are proposed, separately for weaker and stronger ground motions. Comparisons are made with the SFs used in two standards (Eurocode 8 and ASCE 7‐10) and with SFs proposed in the literature, including four Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) ground‐motion prediction equations. The study reveals that (i) SFs depend strongly on the ground‐motion intensity. In the case of stronger ground motions, they decrease with increasing acceleration. (ii) The SFs predicted in this study agree reasonably well with the existing SFs in the case of weak ground motion. For higher intensities of ground motion, they are generally smaller than the existing ones. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于OpenSees的强震下混凝土结构梁-梁碰撞行为数值实现

绝大多数针对极端作用下的结构连续倒塌分析,在分析过程中不能实时地根据构件的损伤状态对分析模型进行修改,也不能考虑连续倒塌过程中的各种碰撞问题。连续倒塌过程中发生的碰撞对结构响应预测有重大影响。本文依据钢筋混凝土框架结构发生梁-梁碰撞的机理,基于OpenSees平台建模,结合Matlab的混合编程计算碰撞力,通过添加碰撞时程力并对结构进行模型更新,合理地实现钢筋混凝土框架结构在强震作用下的连续倒塌过程中发生梁-梁碰撞的具体过程。将得到的结果和传统时程分析法的结果进行的对比表明,结合Matlab和OpenSees命令可以实时地计算碰撞力序列和对结构进行更新,梁-梁碰撞和构件的逐步失效使结构的水平位移和转角有一定的增大,竖向位移有一定减小。     

裂隙面对强膨胀土抗剪强度影响分析

膨胀土作为一种特殊性土,其抗剪强度取值不同于一般的黏性土。实践证明,在进行膨胀土边坡设计时,不仅要考虑土体的土块强度,而且也要考虑裂隙面强度,其抗剪强度在很大程度上受其裂隙面规模与产状的影响,尤其是对裂隙极发育的强膨胀土而言。为了更加真实地模拟强膨胀土在裂隙面控制下的剪切破坏,特在南水北调中线工程南阳段强膨胀土地段进行大剪试验,通过拟合试验数据,对强膨胀土抗剪强度影响因素进行分析。结果表明,裂隙面的发育程度、倾角、裂面的起伏程度都对强膨胀土的抗剪强度有着很大的影响。     

top-hat变换与庐枞矿集区大地电磁强干扰分离

作为一种非线性信号处理方法,基于数学形态学的广义形态滤波已经展现出其在大地电磁时间域信号去噪中的作用;然而,广义形态滤波在滤除大地电磁时间域信号中噪声波形的同时,也滤除了时间域信号中包含有用信息的缓变化。针对这一问题,提出一种基于数学形态学top-hat变换的大地电磁时间域噪声压制方案,利用top-hat变换对波峰和波谷的检测能力,采用直线型结构元素,对大地电磁时间域信号进行去噪。用该方法对庐枞矿集区大地电磁实测数据进行处理后,数据的标准差与曲线相似性参数都优于处理前数据,表明所提方法能够去除噪声波形并保留时间域信号的缓变化,恢复受噪声污染的大地电磁时间域信号,提高大地电磁视电阻率曲线的质量。