三维古构造恢复技术在油气评价中的应用——以珠江口盆地番禺-流花地区为例

目前常用的古构造图的制作方法为"厚度图法"和"断层平移法",这两种方法对断控圈闭为主的古构造恢复具有一定的局限性,且不能定量化的研究古构造生长发育情况。本论文首次将三维古构造恢复技术应用于珠江口盆地番禺-流花地区。三维古构造恢复技术在应用时,避免了厚度异常现象,实现了去压实恢复,能够更真实的反映古构造情况。该技术在珠江口盆地番禺流花地区"A"构造的应用,达到了定量分析古构造发育的效果,并且认识到了A构造在关键时期T32时期古构造幅度较小,后期构造幅度增大是A构造充满度过低的重要原因之一。     

The Upstream “Strong Signals” of the Water Vapor Transport over the Tibetan Plateau during a Heavy Rainfall Event in the Yangtze River Basin

A heavy rainfall event that occurred over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin(YRB) during July11–13 2000 is explored in this study. The potential/stream function is used to analyze the upstream "strong signals" of the water vapor transport in the Tibetan Plateau(TP). The studied time period covers from 2000 LST 5 July to 2000 LST 15 July(temporal resolution: 6 hours). By analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the water vapor flux, vorticity and divergence prior to and during the heavy rainfall event, the upstream "strong signals" related to this heavy rainfall event are revealed. A strong correlation exists between the heavy rainfall event in the YRB and the convective clouds over the TP. The "convergence zone" of the water vapor transport is also identified, based on correlation analysis of the water vapor flux two days and one day prior to, and on the day of, the heavy rainfall. And this "convergence zone" coincides with the migration of the maximum rainfall over the YRB. This specific coupled structure actually plays a key role in generating heavy rainfall over the YRB. The eastward movement of the coupled system with a divergence/convergence center of the potential function at the upper/lower level resembles the spatiotemporal evolution of the heavy rainfall event over the YRB. These upstream "strong signals" are clearly traced in this study through analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the potential/stream function of upstream water vapor transport.     

Delineation and assessment of Central Indian Suture through lineament extraction approach using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System

Lineament extraction approach allowed mapping of larger number of lineaments in a classical manner in tectonic and structural studies. In the present study, various techniques were adopted to extract lineaments using Landsat ETM+ images. To remove the biasness of the images, some pre-processing techniques like stream ordering, band differencing, colour texturing were employed to enhance the edges of the structural features. Extracted lineaments and its distribution and orientation were mapped using ArcGIS Spatial analyst tool. Results of the study showed maximum number of lineaments were oriented in the ENE–SWS direction with 63° overall inclination. Accuracy assessment and validation were made with respect to visual interpretation and overlaying the lineament on Digital Topographic Model as well as with respect to an existing geological lineament map of the study site. The result of accuracy assessment indicates higher compatibility of Central Indian Suture with the geological map of the study area.     

阿根廷米纳毕戈塔地区水系沉积物采样粒度试验研究

中国地质调查局与阿根廷地质矿产调查局合作在阿根廷西北部米纳毕戈塔地区进行1︰25万水系沉积物测量,该区属于干旱-半干旱高寒山区,为突出找矿效果,消除或减少风积物干扰,需要确定适合于该区的水系沉积物采样粒度。为此,在该区选择一个有已知矿床的1︰5万图幅进行采样粒度试验,分别选择10~60目、-60目、60~80目、-80目4个粒度级进行粒度试验;根据我国区域地球化学勘查规范,每个粒度分析39种元素。结果表明,大部分元素在4种粒度水系沉积物中的分布形态基本一致,都能够较好地反映出区内已知矿床,说明采用的采样方法可以有效地避免风成砂干扰;金、银、铜、锡等成矿元素在4种粒度中的分布略有差异,10~60目的金、铜和锡异常对已知矿体的反应更清晰准确。因此,本区水系沉积物地球化学测量的最佳采样粒度是10~60目。根据本次试验结果,中-阿地调局在本区联合开展1︰25万水系沉积物地球化学测量时采用了10~60目水系沉积物作为采样介质,取得了很好的效果。这是本区第一次进行水系沉积粒度试验,对本区将来的地球化学调查和研究具有指导意义。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定水系沉积物中的铌钽锆铪

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定水系沉积物中铌、钽、锆、铪四种元素的分析方法。将样品与氢氧化钠、过氧化钠混合物放入高温炉中,熔融分解完全,用热水提取,过滤后弃去滤液,将滤纸及沉淀用酒石酸-盐酸溶液溶解,稀释至刻度测定。方法检出限(3s)为:LD(Nb)=0.08μg/g,LD(Ta)=0.04μg/g,LD(Zr)=0.5μg/g,LD(Hf)=0.04μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=6)为:0.84%~4.21%。该测定方法具有灵敏度高、精密度好、分析速度快、线性范围宽、操作性强等优势。采用该方法对国家一级标准物质进行测定表明,其结果与标准值吻合。此方法已在实际地质调查样品分析中得到应用。     

天津市滨海新区芦苇湿地恢复适宜性评价

利用综合评价模型,结合地理信息系统技术的空间分析功能,以土地利用、土壤类型、坡度、降雨量和人类干扰活动作为评价因子,对天津滨海新区芦苇湿地恢复进行了适宜性评价。结果表明,较适宜开展湿地恢复的比例为21.46%,一般适宜比例为21.87%,不适宜比例占56.68%,其中较适宜湿地恢复的区域集中分布在北大港湿地自然保护区周边、独流减河下游、北塘入海口以及沿海滩涂,海河流域两侧也有零星分布。在适宜性评价基础上,对未来芦苇湿地恢复与建设的重点区域进行了成效预评估,芦苇对TC、TN、TP的年吸收通量约为1.3935×104、0.0258×104、0.0017×104t,能有效地减少入海排污压力和污染物对近岸海域环境质量的影响。研究结论可为天津湿地治理与生态恢复、土地利用结构调整、景观优化等提供理论依据和科学参考。     

广东孔江湿地生物多样性保护与生态恢复工程

针对广东孔江国家湿地公园出现的库周村民生产生活污染、农业面源污染、植被群落单一等问题,开展湿地生物多样性保护与生态恢复工程,为湿地公园后期建设规划提供依据。     

Cutting of Phragmites australis as a lake restoration technique: Productivity calculation and nutrient removal in Wuliangsuhai Lake, northern China

Reed is one of the most frequent and dominant species in wetlands all over the world, with common reed (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) as the most widely distributed species. In many wetlands, P. australis plays a highly ambivalent role. On the one hand, in many wetlands it purifies wastewater, provides habitat for numerous species, and is a potentially valuable raw material, while on the other hand it is an invasive species which expands aggressively, prevents fishing, blocks ditches and waterways, and builds monospecies stands. This paper uses the eutrophic reed-swamp of Wuliangsuhai Lake in Inner Mongolia, northern China, as a case to present the multiple benefits of regular reed cutting. The reed area and aboveground biomass production are calculated based on field data. Combined with data about water and reed nutrient content, the impact of reed cutting on the lake nutrient budget (N and P) is investigated. Currently, at this lake around 100,000 tons of reed are harvested in winter annually, removing 16% and 8% of the total nitrogen and phosphorus influx, respectively. Harvesting all available winter reed could increase the nutrient removal rates to 48% and 24%, respectively. We also consider the effects of summer harvesting, in which reed biomass removal could overcompensate for the nutrient influx but could potentially reduce reed regrowth.     

区域地球化学特征及其主控因素——对内蒙古珠斯楞地区找矿的意义

在1∶5万水系沉积物测量的基础上,对内蒙古额济纳旗珠斯愣地区的地球化学特征及其主控因素进行初步分析,并对元素分布特征、元素相关性分析、单元素异常与构造之间关系、综合异常与构造之间关系进行了探讨。研究发现,Cu、Au、Sb为区内具一定潜力的找矿元素,与呼伦西白-珠斯楞海尔罕反"S"形构造带南端内、外旋面的转换的珠斯楞海尔罕一带形成一个与断裂构造吻合度较高的、半环性的成矿成晕中心。因而推断,区内具有形成与中酸性侵入岩有关的热液铜多金属矿的可能,其中珠斯楞海尔罕铜金矿和道布青乌苏南北金锑矿2个找矿靶区严格受呼伦西白-珠斯楞海尔罕反"S"形构造的控制。     

黑龙江省勃利盆地东部坳陷下白垩统穆棱组古环境恢复

勃利盆地东部坳陷下白垩统穆棱组暗色泥岩发育,通过对勃利盆地Zk2钻井岩芯观察及对暗色泥岩样品进行稀土、微量元素含量变化的分析,恢复了穆棱组沉积时期的古环境。结果显示:研究区穆棱组沉积相以三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和半深湖沉积亚相为主,穆棱组沉积初期气候特征以温暖湿润为主,中期气候变为半湿半干,盐度增加但仍是淡水沉积环境,穆棱组中晚期气候由干旱炎热气候逐步变为温暖湿润气候。穆棱组沉积时期气候总体呈温暖湿润-半湿半干-温暖湿润变化的规律。