计算机天气图图形识别

根据天气系统的定义和实际业务中的天气图分析规范，总结出了５００、７００、８５０ｈＰａ３层高空天气图上特征等高线，特征等温线，槽线（含切变线），高（低）中心，冷（暖）中心以及热带气旋的识别方法及其判别式，并给出了实现计算机自动识别的程序设计步骤。     

Relationships among dissolved organic matter,iron, and discharge in a moorland stream

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and iron in a moorland stream were determined at 8-hour intervals over a 6-month period to examine relationships with streamflow. Regression of both solutes on discharge were positive and explained 50–70 per cent of the variance in the solute data, but better predictions were obtained in both cases when a covariate reflecting temporal variation in the relationships was introduced (explained variance 80–90 per cent). Variations in the regression of Fe on DOM were also identified, indicating differences in the complexing power of DOM for Fe and possible variations in the chemical composition of the DOM.     

Rapid entrenchment of stream profiles in the salt caves of Mount Sedom,Israel

Rock salt is approximately 1000 times more soluble than limestone and thus displays high rates of geomorphic evolution. Cave stream channel profiles and downcutting rates were studied in the Mount Sedom salt diapir, Dead Sea rift valley, Israel. Although the area is very arid (mean annual rainfall ≈ 50 mm), the diapir contains extensive karst systems of Holocene age. In the standard cave profile a vertical shaft at the upstream end diverts water from a surface channel in anhydrite or clastic cap rocks into the subsurface route in the salt. Mass balance calculations in a sample cave passage yielded downcutting rates of 0–2 mm s^?1 during peak flood conditions, or about eight orders of magnitude higher than reported rates in any limestone cave streams. However, in the arid climate of Mount Sedom floods have a low recurrence interval with the consequence that long-term mean downcutting rates are lower: an average rate of 8·8 mm a^?1 was measured for the period 1986–1991 in the same sample passage. Quite independently, long-term mean rates of 6·2mm a^?1 are deduced from ¹⁴C ages of driftwood found in upper levels of 12 cave passages. These are at least three orders of magnitude higher than rates established for limestone caves. Salt cave passages develop in two main stages: (1) an early stage characterized by high downcutting rates into the rock salt bed, and steep passage gradients; (2) a mature stage characterized by lower downcutting rates, with establishment of a subhorizontal stream bed armoured with alluvial detritus. In this mature stage downcutting rates are controlled by the uplift rate of the Mount Sedom diapir and changes of the level of the Dead Sea. Passages may also aggrade. These fast-developing salt stream channels may serve as full-scale models for slower developing systems such as limestone canyons.     

青藏高原内陆水系冰川粒雪线与中值高度趋势面的绘制与主要特征

本选用中国冰川目录数据库中的青藏高原内陆水系冰川粒雪线、中值高度和地理坐标资料，利用计算机绘图方法，绘制出冰川粒支线、中值高度在空间的变化趋势，以便全面认识该地区的冰川发育特征。     

新疆某水库大坝变形监测方法研究

结合新疆克拉玛依三座坝线均长达5km左右的平原水库,介绍了由于地质环境影响大坝沉降和位移而建立变形监测控制网、观测方法、数据分析处理以及工作中的一些方法和经验.     

地面起伏对成像及雷达景象匹配的影响

景象匹配是飞行器导航与定位的一种重要手段,其中的雷达图像匹配由于具有全天候的特征而受到人们的重视.在分析了实时雷达图像成像方式的基础上,具体分析了地面高程起伏对雷达图像构像的影响,并进一步推导出在实时雷达图像上,图像像点位移与地面高程起伏的具体关系;以及为了保证一定的匹配定位精度,对于实飞地区地面起伏的定量要求.同时还对导航定位匹配所用的参考基准图受地面高程起伏的影响情况进行了定量的分析,并对理论情况和实际图像进行了计算分析与比较,最后得出在给定匹配精度的情况下,生成参考图时对成像区域内点之间的高差限制要求.     

The Spatial Characteristics of a Line and Their Application to Line Simplification

This paper discusses the spatial knowledge related to a line,and the characteristic points of lines is detected.According to the requirements of line generalization,new algorithms for identifying characteristic line points are presented.These characteristic points are used to improve the algorithms of line generalization.An algorithm for identifying bends is shown.In this paper,improved algorithms based on those by Douglas-Peucker,Visvalingam and Whyatt are shown.In this test,the progressive process of line generalization is emphasized.     

内力线定性描绘应力场方法及其在地质构造研究中的应用

为了简化地质构造力学分析，本文探讨了用内力线来描绘应力场的方法，仿照用磁力线描绘磁场的做法，约定以从外力作用点，支承点等处发出的一族主应力迹线为代表内力传递路径的“内力线”，根据弹性理论绘制了部分简单应力场的内力线图，阐述了以简单应力场内力线图为基础绘制复杂应力场内力线图并对之进行分析的方法，同时，文中还对这一方法在山字型构造体系和断裂等板内构造应力场分析，隐伏或未知构及地质的推测，地震预报等方面的应用做了尝试。     

塔里木河水质盐化及改善途径

塔里木河在1958年前是一条淡水河,河水的矿化度在各段及不同季节均未超过1.0g/L,现全河段各月平均矿化度除8月洪水季节<1.0g/L,其余各月都在1.0g/L以上。上游阿拉尔水文站平均每年有5个月为1～3g/L,4个月为3～5g/L,2个月超过5g/L,最高5月份达到6.3g/L.阿拉尔的淡水所占比例不足年平均径流量的35%.下游卡拉全部为微咸水。造成塔里木河水矿化度升高的原因,除气候干旱、蒸发强烈、土壤含盐量高等自然因素外,主要是灌溉、排水不合理,上游三条主要支流灌溉引水增加,使补给干流的淡水资源量由1960年前的50.0亿m3减少到1990年后的42.0亿m3;与此同时大量农田排水泄入塔里木河,每年带入盐量达467.4万t.要改善塔里木河水质,必须减少农田排水泄入,实行咸、淡分流,退耕还林;并在源流区适度开发地下水,使三源流向塔里木河输水量每年不少于46.0亿m3。     

高山峡谷区快速评价找矿靶区的化探方法技术

根据在滇西燕子洞矿段的化探方法技术试验研究结果 ,将水化学测量作为高山峡谷区靶区三级查证的方法 ,并对常规水系沉积物测量、土壤测量的工作方法进行了调整。试点测量结果表明 ,找矿效果良好 ,工作效率大幅度提高