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坛紫菜耐低盐品系的选育与特性分析

本实验室采用人工诱变技术获得一个坛紫菜耐低盐品系(YZ-7),为了验证该品系的耐低盐性状能否遗传,本文对其壳孢子和F1叶状体的低盐耐受性分别进行了测试,并以坛紫菜野生品系(WT)作为对照,结果表明:在不同盐度下培养2周的YZ-7和WT的壳孢子,在26盐度组存活率无显著差异;在15盐度组,YZ-7的壳孢子存活率和假根发生率分别比WT提高了34%和35%;在8和5盐度组,YZ-7的壳孢子存活率、分裂率及假根发生率分别比WT提高了65%、32%和62%,以及137%、80%和154%;在3盐度组,YZ-7的壳孢子存活率和分裂率分别比WT提高了458%和171%,其中约44.9%的YZ-7壳孢子萌发体能形成假根,而WT的壳孢子萌发体基本上不长假根。在26盐度中培养35d后的F1叶状体再分别在26、15、8、5和3盐度下培养30d,YZ-7叶状体的特定生长率分别为WT的1.7、1.9、1.5、1.6和1.6倍,绝对生长率分别是WT的3.4、4.1、1.8、2.0和1.6倍。此外,YZ-7叶状体的叶绿素荧光活性(PSⅡ最大光量子产量、实际光量子产量)及三种主要光合色素(叶绿素a、藻红蛋白和藻蓝蛋白)的含量也明显高于WT。上述结果证实,坛紫菜选育品系YZ-7是一个耐低盐且生长快的优良品系,其优良性状可稳定传递给下一代,有望被培育成适宜栽培的新品种。     

Cenozoic folding in the Cumuruxatiba basin,Brazil: An approach to the deformation trigger by the Abrolhos magmatism

The Cumuruxatiba basin is located in the central portion of the eastern Brazilian margin surrounded by Cenozoic magmatic highs that belong to the Abrolhos Magmatic Complex. This basin was formed by rifting, in the Neocomian followed by thermal subsidence during late Cretaceous like other basins along the Eastern Brazilian margin. In the Cenozoic, the Abrolhos magmatism took place as sills and dykes intruded the sedimentary section, primarily during the Paleogene. In that time, there was a strong NS contractional deformation in the basin represented by folds related to reverse faults coeval with Abrolhos magmatism activity. The structural restorations of regional 2D seismic sections revealed that most of the contractional deformation was concentrated at the beginning of the Cenozoic with maximum peak at the Eocene (up to 33% of total shortening and rate of 6 km/Ma). The Post-Eocene period was marked by a decrease in the strain rate that continues to the present day (around 4 km/Ma to less than 1). 3D structural modelling exhibited a major, well-developed E–W to NE–SW fold belt that accommodated most of the contractional Cenozoic deformation between Royal Charlotte and Sulphur Minerva magmatic highs. Volcanic eruptions and magmatic flows from the Abrolhos complex resulted in differential overburden on edge of the basin, acting as a trigger for halokinesis and the subsequent formation of fault-related folds. In general, such structures were developed close to adjacent magmatic highs, commonly exhibiting vergence towards the centre of the basin. Some magmatic features formed coeval with Cenozoic syn-deformation sediments clearly indicate that Abrolhos magmatism activity and contractional deformation development were associated. The study of the thickness variation of the syn-deformation section in relation to fault-related folds on deformation maps and maximum strain diagrams revealed that most folds were activated and re-activated several times during the Cenozoic without a systematic kinematic pattern. This lack of systematic deformation might be related to the variation of the magmatic pulse activity of adjacent magmatic highs resulting in a complex interference pattern of Cenozoic folds. These structural interpretations of the timing of fault-related folds that are potential Cenozoic traps in the Cumuruxatiba basin play a fundamental role in petroleum systems and exploration of low-risk hydrocarbon prospects.     

Numerical analysis and centrifuge modeling of shallow foundations

The influence of non-coaxial constitutive model on predictions of dense sand behavior is investigated in this paper. The non-coaxial model with strain softening plasticity is applied into finite-element program ABAQUS, which is first used to predict the stress-strain behavior and the non-coaxial characteristic between the orientations of the principal stress and principal plastic strain rate in simple shear tests. The model is also used to predict load settlement responses and bearing capacity factors of shallow foundations. A series of centrifuge tests for shallow foundations on saturated dense sand are performed under drained conditions and the test results are compared with the corresponding numerical results. Various footing dimensions, depths of embedment, and footing shapes are considered in these tests. In view of the load settlement relationships, the stiffness of the load-displacement curves is significantly affected by the non-coaxial model compared with those predicted by the coaxial model, and a lower value of non-coaxial modulus gives a softer response. Considering the soil behavior at failure, the coaxial model predictions of bearing capacity factors are more advanced than those of centrifuge test results and the non-coaxial model results;besides, the non-coaxial model gives better predictions. The non-coaxial model predictions are closer to those of the centrifuge results when a proper non-coaxial plastic modulus is chosen.     

福建省GPS基准站数据处理与分析

利用福建省41个GPS基准站2011—2014年的观测资料,运用GAMIT／GLOBKl0．4软件及块体整体旋转线性应变模型,得到了福建省各测站及分块的水平运动速度场和块体上的应变图像。通过分析研究2011—2013和2011-2014两个时段速度场和应变场的特征,为福建省未来地震活动判定提供形变依据。     

西安地区地裂缝带黄土动力特性试验研究

汾渭盆地是我国乃至世界上地裂缝最为发育,灾害最为严重的地区。考虑到地裂缝灾害对场地条件的影响,尤其是对场地土体的动力特性及动力响应的影响,本文在等压固结条件下,对西安地区地裂缝带黄土进行不同围压下的固结不排水(CU)动三轴试验,获取动力学参数,在此基础上分析了地裂缝带黄土动剪切模量随动剪应变变化特征曲线以及阻尼比随动剪应变变化特征曲线,并对所获得实验曲线进行回归拟合,进而建立了地裂缝带黄土的等效黏弹性动力本构模型,为进一步分析场地土体的动力响应奠定基础。     

低应变测桩常见缺陷分析

低应变法检测桩身完整性,作为一种快速、经济、可靠的方法目前得以广泛应用。当桩身存在明显缺陷(缩径、扩径、离析、断桩等),传感器在接收到桩底反射信号前会记录下桩身缺陷的反射干扰,熟练掌握动测曲线的分析方法,则能够快速、准确的判断出桩身完整性。本文结合传统的行波理论知识,通过理论分析和图文说明,对低应变反射波法动测曲线常见缺陷给出理论分析,并结合工程实例加以验证。     

Analysis of coprolites from the extinct mountain goat Myotragus balearicus

Humans colonized the Balearic Islands 5–4 ka ago. They arrived in a uniquely adapted ecosystem with the Balearic mountain goat Myotragus balearicus (Bovidae, Antilopinae, Caprini) as the only large mammal. This mammal went extinct rapidly after human arrival. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the extinction of M. balearicus. For the present study ancient DNA analysis (Sanger sequencing, Roche-454, Ion Torrent), and pollen and macrofossil analyses were performed on preserved coprolites from M. balearicus, providing information on its diet and paleo-environment. The information retrieved shows that M. balearicus was heavily dependent on the Balearic box species Buxus balearica during at least part of the year, and that it was most probably a browser. Hindcast ecological niche modelling of B. balearica shows that local distribution of this plant species was affected by climate changes. This suggests that the extinction of M. balearicus can be related to the decline and regional extinction of a plant species that formed a major component of its diet. The vegetation change is thought to be caused by increased aridity occurring throughout the Mediterranean. Previous hypotheses relating the extinction of M. balearicus directly to the arrival of humans on the islands must therefore be adjusted.     

Computational study on the modification of a bounding surface plasticity model for sands

The accurate simulation of complex dynamic phenomena requires the availability of advanced constitutive models capable of simulating a wide range of features of soil behaviour under cyclic loading. One possible strategy is to improve the capabilities of existing bounding surface plasticity models, as this framework is characterised by its modularity and flexibility. As a result, specific components of the formulation of this type of model may be adjusted to improve the reproduction of any aspect of soil behaviour deemed essential to the problem being analysed. In this paper, a series of computational studies are performed in order to establish the impact of expanding a bounding surface plasticity model for sands on its modelling capabilities and to suggest ways of mitigating the associated increase in complexity. Changes to three distinct aspects of the selected constitutive model are examined: the shape of the Critical State Line in p′ − e space, the expression used for calculating the hardening modulus and the form of the yield surface. It is shown that the introduced changes have the potential to increase significantly the ability to control how certain aspects of soil response, such as degradation of stiffness and flow liquefaction with limited deformation, are reproduced by the model. Moreover, this paper presents a systematic approach to the expansion of this type of constitutive model, establishing how alterations to the formulation of a model may be assessed in terms of improved accuracy and potential benefits.     

Coupled hydro-mechanical model for partially saturated soils predicting small strain stiffness

In the paper, we present newly developed hydro-mechanical hypoplastic model for partially saturated soils predicting small strain stiffness. Hysteretic void ratio dependent water retention model has been incorporated into the existing hypoplastic model. This required thorough revision of the model structure to allow for the hydro-mechanical coupling dependencies. The model is formulated in terms of degree of saturation, rather than of suction. Subsequently, the small strain stiffness effects were incorporated using the intergranular strain concept modified for unsaturated conditions. New features included degree of saturation-dependent size of the elastic range and an updated evolution equation for the intergranular strain. The model has been evaluated using two comprehensive data sets on completely decomposed tuff from Hong-Kong and Zenos Kaolin from Iran. It has been shown that the modified intergranular strain formulation coupled with the hysteretic water retention model correctly reproduces the effects of both the stress and suction histories on small strain stiffness evolution. The model can correctly predict also different other aspects of partially saturated soil behaviour, starting from the very small strain range up to the asymptotic large-strain response.