Least squares best-fit circles (with applications to Mohr''s diagram)

Procedures are outlined for the selection of a least squares best-fit circle to data points defined by rectangular Cartesian coordinates. Equations are derived to allow fitting of circles centered on the x-axis as well as off-axis Mohr circles. These procedures are applicable to the estimation of second-order tensors such as stress and strain by means of Mohr's diagram.     

Strain-related differences in the crystal growth of white mica and chlorite: a TEM and XRD study of the development of metapelitic microfabrics in the Southern Uplands thrust terrane, Scotland

Abstract TEM and XRD techniques were used to study crystal growth characteristics of the fabric-forming phyllosilicates which developed in response to low-grade metamorphism and tectonic imbrication in part of the Southern Uplands thrust terrane. Prograde regional metamorphism, ranging from late diagenesis through the anchizone to the epizone, was accompanied by the development of a slaty cleavage which is commonly bedding-parallel. TEM-measured mean thicknesses of white mica and chlorite crystallite populations increase with advancing grade and correlate with XRD-measured crystallinity indices. Analytical TEM data show that prograde changes in composition lead to a net loss of Si, Ca and minor Fe from the fabric-forming phyllosilicates. White micas are paragonite-poor phengites with a mean b lattice parameter of 9.037 Å, and indicate an intermediate pressure series of metamorphism with a field gradient of <25° C km^-1. Chlorite compositions evolved from diabantite (with intergrown corrensite) to ripidolite over an estimated temperature range of 150–320° C. Field gradient and temperature estimates suggest that crystal growth and fabric development occurred at burial depths ranging from 6 km to at least 13 km in the thrust terrane. During late diagenesis, crystal growth of white mica and chlorite was predominantly a consequence of polytypic and phase transitions, and resulted in similar size distributions which resemble typical Ostwald ripening curves. Under anchizonal and epizonal conditions, white mica grew more rapidly than chlorite because of its greater ability to store strain energy and recover from subgrain development; as a result crystal thickness distributions are not typical of Ostwald ripening. In contrast, chlorite crystals which grew under these conditions developed subgrain boundaries at high strain rates which were only partially recovered at low strain rates; these retained dislocations reduce the crystallite thicknesses detected by TEM and XRD, compared with those of white mica. These differences in strain-induced crystal growth indicate that white mica (illite) and chlorite crystallinity indices are likely to show significant differences where low-grade metamorphism is closely associated with tectonic fabric development.     

Storm surges in the northern part of the Sea of Japan

All the available historic records of sea level and appropriate weather charts have been used to study storm surges in the northern part of the Sea of Japan. The generation of surges in this area was investigated by means of a two-dimensional numerical model. Computed sea levels were compared with hourly observed residual sea levels in De-Kastri. The agreement between computed and observed storm surges is quite satisfactory. The relative importance of various meteorological parameters and bottom topography in formation of the strong storm surge on 20–21 September 1975 was studied numerically.     

成矿过程流体地球化学模拟及其矿床学意义：以江西银山矿床为例

本文将银山成矿体系为富含Ｈ２Ｓ，ＣＯ２的ＮａＣｌ体系，对Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ａｇ和Ａｕ等金属元素在该体系降温过程中的地球化学行为和银山矿床的成矿过程进行计算机数字模拟，并与沸腾降温体系进行对比，证明了成矿体系地球化学演化对金属元素的迁移与沉淀具有得要影响。成矿硫体地球化学模拟在矿床成因，深部成矿预测和区域成矿规律研究中具有重要意义。     

埋藏基岩地形对地震波动影响的模拟研究

本文以超声地震模型试验为基础,着重从地震波的强度方面来阐明埋藏基岩地形对地震波动的影响,提出了利用振动能量分析地震动问题的重要性,理论分析及实验结果表明,埋藏基岩地形对地震波动的影响表现为:一方面基岩面凹凸不平,致使基岩面上不同部位接收能量大小不同;另一方面,基岩的凹凸面对地震波产生汇聚与发散作用,这两方面共同作用的结果使得地表不同地点表现出不同的地震动强度。     

岩石有限应变测量的莫尔圆图解网法

通常进行的应变测量需经过繁杂的数学计算或莫尔圆作图才能获得应变结果。本文介绍了笔者新设计的莫尔圆图解网及其使用方法。它可以快速准确地作出莫尔圆,进而求得应变结果,也可用于求解应力莫尔圆问题。