Pyrolysis of immature Torbanite and of the resistant biopolymer (PRB A) isolated from extant alga Botryococcus braunii. Mechanism of formation and structure of torbanite

Immature Torbanite and the resistant biopolymer (PRB A) isolated from extant B. braunii were previously compared using bulk spectroscopic methods. In the present work, analysis of 400°C pyrolysis products and pyrolysis residues provided further information on their structure and possible relationships. It appears that such polymers are based upon unbranched, saturated, cross-linked hydrocarbon chains up to C₃₁. In addition to these bridging structures, a substantial part of the alkyl chains is singly bound, as esters of unbranched, saturated or cis unsaturated, even fatty acids. These esters are sterically protected, against chemical degradations, by the network of the bioand geopolymer.Quantitative and qualitative observations derived from 400°C pyrolysis confirm that the chemical structure of PRB A and immature Torbanite are closely related. The pyrolysis residues show a similar evolution and numerous common features are noted, with respect to the nature and the distribution of the major constituents of the pyrolysates (hydrocarbons and fatty acids). Accordingly, Botryococcus provides what seems to be the first example of a close structural relationship between a biopolymer produced in large amounts by an extant alga and the geopolymer of an immature kerogen. The essential role of PRB A in Torbanite formation is ascertained. Moreover, it is found that the resistant biopolymer does not undergo important structural changes during the first stages of diagenesis. Thus, owing to steric protection, the esters of immature Torbanite show a distribution quite close to the one of PRB A esters, with exclusively even constituents and a large contribution of unsaturated acids.Recent observations pointed to the possible genesis of some algal kerogens principally by selective preservation of resistant macromolecules. Such a type of formation is clearly predominant in Torbanite, where the bulk of the fossil organic matter corresponds to a selectively preserved and weakly altered, resistant biopolymer, while incorporation of lipids into the kerogen structure during diagenesis seems to play a minor role.     

单桩竖向抗压极限荷载的极限状态与确定

本文通过对桩的荷载传递和沉降分析，研判了桩的极限载荷的极限状态，并结合工程实例予以说明。根据文献提供的资料，建议桩的极限荷载宜采用Ｓ－ｌｏｇＰ法确定。     

区域震相强度比—岩石层热状态的有效指示

本文根据白家疃台６０年代以来的短周期地震记录图，分析了区域震相的强度比。研究表明：Ｓｎ／Ｌｇ波的强度比波传播路径上岩石层热结构、热状态及强地震活动等均有相关性，并就这种相关性对于强地震成因及其预测研究的直接意义进行了讨论。     

伴生金赋存状态的几种主要研究方法

作者总结了在多年研究伴生金赋存状态中常采用的光学显微镜法、电子探针分析法、元素的化学分析法、选择性溶解法及元素平衡配分法等几种有效的研究方法,并给出一些应用的例子.通过这些研究方法,能够有效、快捷地查清伴生金的赋存状态特征及分布规律,为今后的研究提供可借鉴的经验.     

江苏金坛地质遗迹特征及旅游开发建议

金坛市拥有丰富的地质遗迹资源，包括地层剖面、古生物化石产地与古文化遗址、地质构造形迹、地质地貌景观、水体景观、岩溶洞穴、矿产产地与观赏石景点8大类。对其应遵循原态保护的原则，以茅山风景名胜区为重点，因地制宜地开展有特色的大众地学科普旅游，为地方经济和社会发展作出贡献。     

磁通门磁变仪与经典磁变仪状态函数之比较

分析了影响磁通门磁变仪定向状态函数和经典磁变仪定向状态函数改变的因素，对磁通门磁变仪定向状态函数和经典磁变仪定向状态函数及其稳定性进行了比较，得出了有益的结论。     

国际锂镁产业最新动态

就 1999年末以来国际锂镁产业领域一些新的变化予以报道 ,并就目前公开资料中所能获取锂镁的年产能力、销售份额、产品产值等实事数据一并予以提供     

天马山硫金矿床金的赋存状肪及分布规律

矿床中金主要以独立矿物相存在，少数为细粒分散相，金的载体矿物主要有黄铜矿，毒砂，黄铁矿，综合脉石和磁黄铁矿等，金矿物主要为自然金，银金矿，平均成色745．57，金的嵌布类型有粒间金，包裹金，裂隙金3种，金在矿石中及不同矿体中的分布不均匀，金与流，金与砷的相关性因矿体类型及矿石类型的不同而有差异。     

The Character of Shear-wave Splitting in Marble in the Critical State of Rupture

This paper mainly observed and analyzed the character of shear-wave splitting in rock specimens while they were in the critical state of rupture. The rock specimens for study are made of Laizhou marble from Shandong, China. A series of records were obtained from two rock specimens when they were in the critical state of rupture. The result shows that, in the critical state just before rock rupture, there may be the phenomenon of rise and fall in the time delay of shear-wave splitting, even though the load was kept constant. That is to say, the time delay of shear-wave splitting may have a falling process before rock rupture.