球面全景影像相对定向与精度验证

对传统的5点法相对定向算法的共面误差计算方法进行改进,提出了一种适合球面全景成像特点的相对定向计算流程。与传统方法相同,该算法首先计算本质矩阵,然后对本质矩阵进行奇异值分解得到旋转矩阵和平移矢量的候选解,最后利用重建的物方三维点坐标排除错误解。本文的贡献在于推导了球面全景共面条件公式,并使用点到核线平面的球面距离作为球面全景共面条件的误差项。模拟数据试验显示:当图像特征点的随机噪声在[-0.5,0.5]像素范围内时,3个姿态角的中误差约为0.1°,由相对定向恢复的相对平移量与模拟值的夹角中误差约为1.5°。使用车载全景相机配合POS获取的数据进行试验的结果显示:横滚角和俯仰角的中误差可以达到0.2°以内,航向角的中误差可以达到0.4°以内,由相对定向恢复的相对平移量与POS平移量的夹角中误差可以达到2°以内。采用本文相对定向算法的结果生成球面全景核线影像,提取影像之间同名点坐标并计算其列方向误差,结果显示核线影像同名点列坐标差的中误差在1个像素以内。     

球面坐标系非连续变形分析折数学模型

从球面坐标系的弹性力学基础方程出发，推导出球面上块体的位移与6个位移不变量之间的数学关系，进一步建立了联立方程式的球面坐标形式，为大范围现代地壳运动的非连续形变形下了数学基础。     

Spatially restricted data distributions on the sphere: the method of orthonormalized functions and applications

 In many geoscientific applications data are irregularly distributed and not globally available, e.g. caps around the poles which are uncovered due to non-polar satellite orbits, or signals being defined solely on bounded regions on the globe. Starting from a sequence of base functions with global support, which in the present case is composed of spherical harmonics being initially non-orthogonal on a bounded subdomain, a set of functions is generated that constitutes an orthonormal basis. Different approaches to realize this transformation are studied and compared with respect to numerical stability and computational effort, and the corresponding effects on the coefficient recovery are investigated. A number of synthetic tests demonstrate the applicability, the benefit, but also the limitations, of this method. Received: 24 March 2000 / Accepted: 9 October 2000     

海潮负荷潮的研究

本文讨论海水质量守恒改正和等潮图的差异对计算负荷效应的影响,并研制海潮主要分波的球谐模型。数值计算结果表明:在按Schwiderski全球1°×1°等潮数据计算中国大陆的海潮负荷效应时,须用我国更精细的近海潮汐资料对其进行修正,同时还应该进行海水质量守恒改正。用褶积和级数相结合的方法计算倾斜海潮负荷潮的精度为0.04ms。     

球面方模板地形改正公式及其应用

在给出球面圆盘重力公式的基础上,导出了便于使用高程数据库和电子计算机的球面方盘重力公式,通过实际算例,证明了该公式高精度和可用性.     

Magsat studies over the Indian region

Data collected by Magsat have been extensively used by Indian scientists in studies of the crust beneath India. Results obtained by various workers have been summarized and the reasons for differences in findings have been discussed. It is concluded that methods that work well for higher latitudes do not give the best estimates of crustal field and magnetization in equatorial regions. A better estimate of the crustal component is obtained when the external current contribution is estimated using the symmetry properties of associatedX and Z-fields. Inversion technique that provides stable crustal magnetization in midlatitudes, becomes unstable near the equator. Why such an instability arises and how it can be circumvented are discussed. That the Peninsular shield, the Ganga basin and the Himalayas are three different geotectonic blocks is clearly reflected in the magnetization distribution. A thick magnetic crust under Aravalli, Singhbum and Dharwar suggest these areas to be comparatively stable. In general, seismic, gravity and heat flow data agree characteristically well with the magnetization estimates.     

地形改正与地形直接影响的转化关系

传统的第三边值问题的解算方法有Molodensky算法和Stokes-Helmert算法两种。在Molodensky算法中使用的地形改正和Stokes-Helmert算法中使用的直接影响均由大地水准面外地形产生,因而必然存在关系。本文通过推导给出了直接影响是地形改正、层间改正与压缩地形影响3项之和的结论。在此基础上,给出了直接影响的质量线平面积分算法、质量棱柱平面积分算法和地形改正的球面积分算法。此外本文还推导了布格球冠层间改正算法。通过实验得出,直接影响的质量线平面积分算法和质量棱柱平面积分算法与传统球面积分算法的差异分别为3.81和1.64 m Gal;地形改正球面积分算法与传统质量线、质量棱柱平面积分的差异分别为3.92和1.69 m Gal。该结果说明,本文推导的直接影响与地形改正的关系式是正确有效且实用的。     

A study of transient responses of a submerged spherical shell under shock waves

Based on a procedure which couples the finite element method with the doubly asymptotic approximation, this work addresses the problem of the transient responses of a submerged spherical shell subjected to strong, plane, incident shock waves, in which elastoplastic material behavior is considered. Simulation results indicate that the procedure adopted shows good agreement with related literature, which considered linear elastic behavior of the shell. Also presented herein are the time histories of surface pressure, radial velocity and von Mises stress of the shell. Moreover, deformation diagrams and spreading of the plastic zone of the shell are described as well.     

A harmonic approach to global ocean tide analysis based on TOPEX/Poseidon satellite

The constant and harmonic parts of the global ocean tide are modeled by up to nine major tidal constituents, namely, S2, M2, N2, K1, P1, O1, Mf, Mm, and Ssa. Our computations start with the Fourier sine and cosine series expansion for the tidal constituents, including the constant Mean Sea Level (MSL). Although the frequencies of the tidal constituents are considered known, the coefficients of the sine and cosine functions are assumed to be unknown. Subsequently, the coefficients of the sine and cosine functions, as well as the constant part of the Fourier expansion, were expanded into spherical harmonics up to degree and order n, where n corresponds to the number of linearly independent spherical harmonic base functions needed to model the tidal constituents, determined via independent columns of the Gram matrix. The unknown coefficients of the spherical harmonic expansions are computed using sea level observations within cycles #1–#350 of the TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimetry over 11 years of its mission. A set of orthonormal base functions was generated for the marine areas covered by TOPEX/Poseidon observations from the spherical harmonics using a Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization process. These were used for modeling the dominant tidal constituents. The computed models based on orthonormal base functions for the nine tidal constituents and the constant part of the Fourier expansion, were tested numerically for their validity and accuracy, proving centimeter accuracy.