自动确定煤岩参数的数据处理技术

介绍了根据HY-3型全自动显微光度测定系统以煤反射率自动测定结果确定显微煤岩组分,鉴别混煤与确定混煤比例,确定煤中活惰性组分比例等采用的数据处理技术。     

沙尘天气过程对沈阳大气冰核浓度与尺度分布的影响

为研究沙尘天气对大气冰核浓度及尺度分布的影响,2010-2012年春季用FA-3型安德森采样器在沈阳地区开展了大气冰核观测,采样后的滤膜在中国气象科学研究院的静力扩散云室中进行统一检测分析。针对2011年5月11-12日一次典型沙尘天气过程,分析了沙尘过程前后大气冰核浓度和尺度分布与变化特征。结果表明：沈阳地区春季大气冰核的本底浓度较高,约为0.8个·L^-1（活化温度为-20℃）;沙尘天气出现时可使大气冰核浓度突增10倍以上。约2/3的大气冰核集中在>4.7μm粒径段;有沙尘影响时,2.11～5.80 μm粒径段的大气冰核浓度增加最明显。大气冰核浓度的粒子尺度谱近似服从幂指数n（D）=A·D^B分布,其中A和B的数值在沙尘日明显大于非沙尘日。根据观测,建议在沈阳乃至中国北方地区春季有沙尘天气影响时应慎重选择人工影响天气作业方案。     

基于高光谱数据的荔枝SPAD值快速估测

通过分析荔枝叶片的反射光谱曲线与荔枝秋稍老熟阶段叶片SPAD-502 叶绿素计读数（SPAD 值）之间的关系,探索高光谱数据进行荔枝叶片SPAD 值估算的能力。研究4 类光谱变量,第1 类变量是其他文献中提出的光谱指数,第2 类变量是基于波段迭代算法进行波段优化后的新指数,第3 类变量是蓝边、黄边和红边（“三边”）的面积、位置、斜率,第4 类变量是二阶导数光谱波峰、波谷区间区间内光谱曲线的面积、最值、最值处波长。结果表明：一阶导数的蓝边斜率和光谱二阶导数提取的490~520 nm 范围内光谱数值之和与SPAD 值的相关程度也很高（r 分别为-0.834 和-0.856）;对于3 种光谱数据处理形式SNV 光谱（Standard Normal Variate,SNV）、FD 光谱（First Derivative,FD）和SD 光谱（Second Derivative,SD）,波段迭代算法优化后的最佳四波段双差值指数与SPAD 值相关性最好,其中（FD516－FD474）－（FD684－FD660）与SPAD 值的相关系数最高达到0.875,预测模型的确定系数达到0.747,RMSECV 为2.375。利用高光谱数据监测荔枝叶片SPAD 值是可行的。     

Spectral line formation in a mesoturbulent atmosphere

The formation of spectral lines in a turbulent atmosphere with a spatially correlated velocity field is examined. A new approach for solving this problem is proposed which is not based on the Fokker-Planck formalism. The invariant imbedding method makes it possible to reduce the problem of finding the mean radiant intensity observed in a line to solving a system of differential equations. This possibility is based on determining the mean intensity of the radiation emerging from the medium for a fixed value of the turbulent velocity at its boundary. A separate integral equation is derived for this quantity. The dependence of the line profile, integrated intensity, and width on the mean correlation length and the average value of the hydrodynamic velocity is studied. It is shown that the transition from a microturbulent regime to a macroturbulent regime occurs within a comparatively narrow range of variation in the correlation length. The proposed method yields a solution to the problem for a family of inhomogeneous atmospheres with different optical thicknesses, which makes it easy to determine the radiation field inside the turbulent medium. This approach can be generalized in various ways, in particular, it can be applied without significant changes to the case where the correlation length depends on position within the atmosphere. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 219–232 (May 2007).     

Distinguishing Carbonate Reservoir Pore Facies with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements

  Characterization of carbonate rocks may involve identifying the important pore types which are present. In the past, this task has required detailed petrographic analysis of many core samples. Here, we describe a method which uses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements to reduce the amount of petrographic analysis needed for porosity typing of carbonate reservoir rocks. For a rock sample which has been measured with NMR, our method decomposes the log(T₂) spectrum into at most three Gaussian-shaped components and gives a set of nine parameters. Two characteristic quantities having geological significance are extracted from the nine parameters. Values of the two quantities are compared with a reference set, established from samples having both NMR and petrographic evaluations of porosity types. We use a Bayesian approach to the classification of the dominant porosity type. Tests of our method on 103 samples show a correct prediction in 60 to 90 percent of the samples. The lower success rate was obtained for samples with five porosity types from three fields; the higher success rate obtained with samples with three porosity types from one well. The use of geologically significant quantities extracted from the decomposition gives comparable success rate to those obtained using a standard, non-geological approach such as canonical variates.     

Source ambiguity from an estimation of the scaling exponent of potential field power spectra

An analysis of the field scaling power spectrum yields useful information about the source distribution, but it is uncertain whether deterministic, random, fractal or mixed approaches have to be used for the interpretation. To this end, the scaling properties of potential field spectra are analysed for a number of different source models of geological interest. Besides the models of Naidu (purely random sources) and Spector and Grant (gross block statistical ensembles) we consider other types of density and magnetization distributions with spectral exponents in the fractal range, such as a single homogeneous body with a random white source distribution. Spectral slopes in the fractal range are obtained.
We also study the effects of important natural sources, such as salt domes and sedimentary basins, representing them with simple Gaussians or combinations of Gaussian signals. The same spectral slopes as for gravity signals generated by 3-D fractal source distributions are found for them. Hence the power law decay of the field is not a characteristic only of fractal source models.
If a 3-D fractal source distribution is assumed a priori , a way of verifying the goodness of the model is to examine the whitened field at source level. The probability that the whitened field derives from a random white population is estimated for synthetic and real anomalies by applying the usual statistical tests.     

黄东海非色素颗粒与黄色物质的吸收系数光谱模型研究

黄色物质和非色素颗粒物是我国近岸水体重要的水色成分,对其光谱特性的了解,直接关系到水色遥感色素算法的精度。文章对2003春季黄东海航次获取的数据分析处理,得到黄色物质吸收系数斜率经验值Sg=0.0175和非色素颗粒物吸收系数斜率经验值Sd=0.0103。经采用2002春季和2003秋季同海区试验数据进行检验,结果表明得到的光谱模型具有较强的区域适用性。     

河流砂岩地震储层预测中的几个问题

河流砂岩是陆相盆地常见储层类型及油气储集有利场所。由于河流改道迁移频繁,河流相沉积常为砂、泥岩交互且岩性横向变化快,造成地震反射呈断续特征,利用常规地震资料进行砂、泥岩分辨和预测难度很大。笔者在分析河流砂岩地质特征和地球物理响应的基础上,研究和讨论了砂岩的精确标定、等时地层格架下的精细解释和地震属性提取,优选地震振幅类属性和分频处理预测薄层砂岩的平面展布,构建合理的地质模型,优选参数进行拟声波反演预测砂岩垂向分布及厚度变化等储层预测中的技术问题。通过实际应用和资料验证,采用技术方法合理,并取得了高精度的预测结果。