电弧光谱分析中蹦跳现象的初步探讨

电弧光谱分析高含量铁矿石产生蹦跳比较严重。最主要的是氧化铁在高温下与炽热的碳电极之间发生了氧化还原反应产生的二氧化碳气体,这些气体无法排除,随着燃弧继续增多,就会把熔球冲掉,从而产生蹦跳现象。针对容易产生蹦跳现象的试样在分析时应采取的预防措施和手段,最简易可行的方法就是用锯口电极,可防止蹦跳现象的产生。     

镜质体成烃反应动力学模型的标定及其在热史恢复中的应用

镜质体反射率（Ｒｏ）与其生烃率有关，因此，由Ｒｏ应可求取其生烃率；同时，在求取了镜质体成烃反应动力学参数之后，若已知其受热史，则可计算出镜质体的生烃率；反过来，若已知镜质体的生烃率，应可反推其受热史。基于这一基本原理，本文在建立和标定镜质体成烃反应动力学模型的基础上推导了可将其应用于存在着抬升、剥蚀和古地温非线性变化等复杂地质条件下热史恢复的原理模型，结合海拉尔盆地海参７井的实测Ｒｏ值，有效地恢复了其古热史     

煤镜质组反射率光性组构变形实验研究

不同煤级煤的高温高压实验表明，在温、压和差异应力作用下，煤镜质组反射率值和各向异性都有一定程度增加，变形越强烈，增加越明显，尤其在中煤级中、晚期阶段更是如此。在变形过程中，反射率主轴将发生有规律的偏转，变形越强烈，最小反射率主轴越接近于最大挤压应力方向。随着变形的增强，镜质组反射率椭球由单向伸长同压缩型转化。     

马坑铁矿钻孔岩心红外光谱特征及蚀变分带特征研究

红外反射光谱技术可无损、快速、批量地识别出硅酸盐、硫酸盐、碳酸盐等矿物,近年来在矿物学研究、地质勘探与找矿、矿山选冶等方面取得了较显著进展。尤其是热红外波段（6000~14500nm）可识别出辉石、石榴子石、橄榄石等蚀变矿物以及长石、石英等造岩矿物,对于矽卡岩型、铜镍硫化物型以及石英脉型等矿床地质找矿、矿床成因研究等具有重要意义。本文通过对国家实物地质资料馆馆藏的马坑铁矿钻孔岩心进行短波-热红外反射光谱测量与分析,总结马坑铁矿各蚀变矿物光谱特征,并快速厘定了该矿床的蚀变矿物类型及组合特征。马坑铁矿蚀变矿物主要有石榴子石、辉石、碳酸盐、绿泥石、绢（白）云母、角闪石、绿帘石、蒙脱石、石膏等。石榴子石热红外光谱特征是在9199nm、9730nm、10500nm及11100nm处具有明显的反射特征,辉石热红外光谱特征主要是在11500nm和12150nm处具有明显的吸收特征。红外光谱分析表明蚀变矿物在空间上呈现出明显的分带性,蚀变矿物组合及分布严格受围岩岩性和热液交代的双重控制。通过红外反射光谱蚀变矿物组合特征研究,“石榴子石+辉石”可作为矽卡岩型矿床的标型矿物组合,蚀变分带特征也反映了主矿体从高温到低温的变化过程;结合矿床地质特征,推断出马坑铁矿为典型的层控矽卡岩型矿床。本研究可为矽卡岩型矿床的成矿规律认识和找矿勘探等方面提供科学支撑。     

Improving resolution of gravity data with wavelet analysis and spectral method

Gravity data are the results of gravity force field interaction from all the underground sources. The objects of detection are always submerged in the background field, and thus one of the crucial problems for gravity data interpretation is how to improve the resolution of observed information. The wavelet transform operator has recently been introduced into the domain fields both as a filter and as a powerful source analysis tool. This paper studied the effects of improving resolution of gravity data with wavelet analysis and spectral method, and revealed the geometric characteristics of density heterogeneities described by simple shaped sources. First, the basic theory of the multiscale wavelet analysis and its lifting scheme and spectral method were introduced. With the experimental study on forward simulation of anomalies given by the superposition of six objects and measured data in Songliao plain, Northeast China, the shape, size and depth of the buried objects were estimated in the study. Also, the results were compared with those obtained by conventional techniques, which demonstrated that this method greatly improves the resolution of gravity anomalies. Translated from Progress in Geophysics, 2007, 22(1): 112–120 [译自: 地球物理学进展]     

沉积盆地超压系统内油气的生成与保存

沉积盆地内的超压系统是一个相对独立的封闭-半封闭体系,与油气生成、保存关系密切.超压系统内矿物介质、有机质、水相互作用过程以及有效应力对有机质演化的作用机理研究揭示了超压对有机质演化具有显著的阶段性和差异性,具体表现在:(1)压力的影响程度是有机质演化程度的函数;(2)超压/压力效应对有机质演化发生显著影响需要达到某一最小值,即门限值;(3)在有机质演化不同阶段发育的超压对生烃的影响不同;(4)同一超压系统内,不同类型有机质对超压的响应具有差异性.迄今,已经建立了超压/压力对有机质演化影响程度的定量化模型,包括化学动力学模型和热力学模型两类.化学动力学模型仍有许多需要改进的地方,如压力影响的阀值、指前因子和活化能随反应时间的变化规律等,相对而言,热力学模型似乎更简单、易用,但其可靠性和普适性还有待时间的检验.由于异常高压对超压系统储层内原油的热裂解反应具有抑制效应,有利于深部高温高压储层内液态烃的保存,因此,含油气盆地深部高温高压地层已成为一个较为有利的石油勘探领域.     

Asperity Height and Aperture of an Artificial Tensile Fracture of Metric Size

Summary  A tensile fracture of about 1 m in length was created by indenting wedges in a block of granite, and the heights of the two fracture surfaces were measured using a large, non-contact surface profile measurement system with a laser profilometer to determine the aperture distribution of the fracture. Based on the measured data, the frequency characteristics of the asperity heights, the initial aperture (the aperture when the surfaces are in contact at a single point), and the size effect on the statistical properties were analyzed. The results can be summarized as follows:

利用古成熟度方程初步恢复济阳坳陷晚三叠世印支运动剥蚀量

与新生界镜质组反射率(Ro)值比较,济阳坳陷晚古生界Ro值整体上出现了显著的异常,通过对济阳坳陷大量的晚古生界Ro异常数据点与新生界Ro数据点的分析、比较,建立了济阳坳陷新生界成熟度方程（RoH方程）和晚古生界古成熟度方程,利用这些古成熟度方程,对济阳坳陷Mz/Pz间断面剥蚀量进行了初步恢复,研究结果表明东营凹陷、沾化凹陷、车镇凹陷Pz/Mz间断面剥蚀量分别达31~41 km、20~41 km、31~41 km左右,平均在35 km左右,佐证了华北地台在印支运动开始前是个统一的大型沉积盆地,济阳坳陷部分晚古生界煤系地层在晚三叠世初期之前已经开始热解生烃。     

基于光谱知识库对高光谱影像目标快速识别方法

针对国内引进的机载高光谱成像仪（CASI/SASI）数据采集系统,介绍了利用先验知识建立的多种地物目标光谱库,以及高光谱影像目标快速识别的技术方法研究;同时还阐述了其数据处理流程、目标识别原理和应用开源代码编程实现过程,并对其结果与应用进行了简要的分析。     

Petrographic and geochemical effects of sill intrusions on coal and their implications for gas outbursts in the Wolonghu Mine, Huaibei Coalfield, China

Since the early 1980s, fifteen outbursts have occurred in the Huaibei Coalfield of China. These outbursts were reported to be associated with sills. To study the effect of sill intrusions on coal seam and their relationship to methane outbursts, eleven samples from the No. 10 coal seam were taken from the Wolonghu Mine at various distances from a diorite sill. Comparisons were made between unaltered and heat-affected coals using petrographic and chemical data, micropore characteristics, adsorption properties of coal, and gas outburst indexes from field. Approaching the intrusion, vitrinite reflectance levels increased from 2.74% to 5.03%, and the thermal aureole of the sill ~ 60 m (from the sill boundary to sample 9). Three zones along this gradient were identified as corresponding to (1) thermal evolution zone No. 1 (0-5 m from sill), (2) thermal evolution zone No. 2 (5-60 m from sill), and (3) unaltered zone. The methane adsorption capacity of coal samples in the thermal evolution zone No. 2 was generally higher than in the two other zones, and the unaltered zone higher than the thermal evolution zone No. 1. It is concluded that the contact-metamorphism decreased the adsorption capacity of coal and the thermal evolution of sill increased it. The trap effect of sill, combined with the mudstone and siltstone roof and floor of the No. 10 coal seam, provided a seal for the formation of a gas pocket. Abnormally high formation pressures at the No. 10 coal seam led to two outbursts.