汶川地震强余震场地非线性反应

采用汶川地震强余震26个强震动台站记录,基于H/V谱比法,计算台站场地的强、弱震作用下场地卓越频率之比R_(fp)和体现强、弱震作用下场地H/V谱比曲线差异程度的DNL,进而识别并分析场地非线性反应特征。结果显示,R_(fp)、DNL与PGA之间存在显著相关性;其中10个台站出现明显的场地非线性反应特征;大部分台站发生场地非线性反应的PGA阈值为100 cm/s~2,部分为50 cm/s~2;实例证明,因某些台站不易通过H/V谱比法识别场地卓越频率,因此采用R_(fp)识别场地非线性反应具有一定局限性。     

安徽省国家强震动台站场地响应及背景噪声分析

利用安徽省部分强震动台站记录的地脉动数据和历史地震数据,采用H/V谱比法和噪声功率谱密度函数法,对比分析台站的场地响应及背景噪声,结果表明：全椒、马鞍山地震台的场地卓越周期小且背景噪声低;沈巷地震台卓越周期大且背景噪声高;三山地震台无明显卓越周期;地震台站背景噪声与场地响应曲线之间不存在一一对应关系。     

宝石CT评价冠脉支架的临床应用价值

目的:探讨宝石CT对冠脉支架的临床应用价值。方法:收集45例冠脉支架置入术后患者的宝石CTA数据,测量支架内腔的实际直径,比较支架内腔CT值与邻近血管腔CT值的差异。结果:共60枚支架,均显示清晰、无术后狭窄。当支架实际内腔直径≥2 mm时,支架内腔CT值测量稳定性较好,支架内腔CT值与邻近血管腔CT值无明显统计学差异。支架内腔直径<2 mm时,支架内腔CT值测量稳定性差、测量不准确,但是仍能部分观察支架内腔情况。结论:宝石CT冠脉CTA成像,对冠脉支架内腔直径≥2 mm者诊断较理想,对支架内腔直径<2 mm者仍有一定诊断价值。      

Modeling spatially correlated spectral accelerations at multiple periods using principal component analysis and geostatistics

Regional seismic risk assessments and quantification of portfolio losses often require simulation of spatially distributed ground motions at multiple intensity measures. For a given earthquake, distributed ground motions are characterized by spatial correlation and correlation between different intensity measures, known as cross‐correlation. This study proposes a new spatial cross‐correlation model for within‐event spectral acceleration residuals that uses a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and geostatistics. Records from 45 earthquakes are used to investigate earthquake‐to‐earthquake trends in application of PCA to spectral acceleration residuals. Based on the findings, PCA is used to determine coefficients that linearly transform cross‐correlated residuals to independent principal components. Nested semivariogram models are then fit to empirical semivariograms to quantify the spatial correlation of principal components. The resultant PCA spatial cross‐correlation model is shown to be accurate and computationally efficient. A step‐by‐step procedure and an example are presented to illustrate the use of the predictive model for rapid simulation of spatially cross‐correlated spectral accelerations at multiple periods.     

Effect of irregular structural configuration on floor acceleration demand in hill‐side buildings

A suite of reinforced‐concrete frame buildings located on hill sides, with 2 different structural configurations, viz step‐back and split‐foundation, are analyzed to study their floor response. Both step‐back and split‐foundation structural configurations lead to torsional effects in the direction across the slope due to the presence of shorter columns on the uphill side. Peak floor acceleration and floor response spectra are obtained at each storey's center of rigidity and at both its stiff and flexible edges. As reported in previous studies as well, it is observed that the floor response spectra are better correlated with the ground response spectrum. Therefore, the floor spectral amplification functions are obtained as the ratio of spectral ordinates at different floor levels to the one at the ground level. Peaks are observed in the spectral amplification functions corresponding to the first 2 modes in the upper portion of the hill‐side buildings, whereas a single peak corresponding to a specific kth mode of vibration is observed on the floors below the uppermost foundation level. Based on the numerical study for the step‐back and split‐foundation hill‐side buildings, simple floor spectral amplification functions are proposed and validated. The proposed spectral amplification functions take into account both the buildings' plan and elevation irregularities and can be used for seismic design of acceleration‐sensitive nonstructural components, given that the supporting structure's dynamic characteristics, torsional rotation, ground‐motion response spectrum, and location of the nonstructural components within the supporting structure are known, because current code models are actually not applicable to hill‐side buildings.     

Extracting water-related features using reflectance data and principal component analysis of Landsat images

This study aimed to map water features using a Landsat image rather than traditional land cover. We involved the original bands, spectral indices and principal components (PCs) of a principal component analysis (PCA) as input data, and performed random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) classification with water, saturated soil and non-water categories. The aim was to compare the efficiency of the results based on various input data. Original bands provided 93% overall accuracy (OA) and bands 4–5–7 were the most informative in this analysis. Except for MNDWI (modified normalized differenced water index, with 98% OA), the performance of all water indices was between 60 and 70% (OA). The PCA-based approach conducted on the original bands resulted in the most accurate identification of all classes (with only 1% error in the case of water bodies). We therefore show that both water bodies and saturated soils can be identified successfully using this approach.     

小尺度曲率属性在煤田小微构造解释中的应用

煤田小微构造作为煤矿主要致灾源之一,对其精细解释与圈定是矿井安全高效生产的重要保障,而单纯借助传统的地震勘探方法与技术手段解决该问题,已无法满足精准开采地质保障的需求。为此,基于叠后三维地震数据体,通过提取60 Hz以上高频段成分信息,进行地震数据重构,并基于此提取小尺度的最小负曲率属性,对研究区小微构造进行解释与分析。通过与现场小微构造揭露和解释情况对比表明:基于高频信息重构的地震数据体纵向分辨率高,提取的小尺度曲率属性细节刻画能力强,相对于传统的最小负曲率属性在指示小微构造方面优势明显。因此,将基于重构地震数据体提取的小尺度曲率属性应用于煤田小微构造解释与圈定是合理可行的。      

苹果树叶片全氮含量高光谱估算模型研究

采用Field-Spec Pro便携式光谱仪,测定了不同苹果品种叶片的光谱反射率及对应的全氮含量,采用相关性及单变量线性与非线性拟合分析技术,对全氮含量与原始光谱反射率、一阶微分光谱、高光谱参数之间的关系进行了分析。研究确立叶片全氮含量的定量监测模型,以期为遥感技术在苹果氮素营养诊断中的实际应用提供理论依据。结果表明:全氮含量与原始光谱在715nm处具有最大负相关系数(r=?0.817),并且基于此波长所构建的对数关系估算模型明显优于线性模型;光谱反射率一阶微分值在723nm处具有最大正相关系数(r=0.87),并且基于此波长所构建的线性和非线性模型的拟合效果接近;对于所选取的3类高光谱特征变量,全氮含量除了与黄边位置及由红边位置和黄边面积所构建的比值植被指数和归一化植被指数的相关性较弱外,与其余变量均呈极显著相关,说明这些变量对苹果叶片全氮含量进行估算具有可行性。对所建立的各类方程进行检验,最终筛选确定在723nm处的光谱反射率一阶微分值所构建的指数模型作为苹果叶片全氮含量的预测模型最为理想。     

RS影像融合效果评价

近年来多源遥感影像融合技术发展迅速,融合方法研究日趋完善,然而融合影像效果评价始终没有统一标准。在系统分析传统评价指标的基础上,从光谱保真度、高频信息融入度两个方面对融合影像的评价进行综合分析,并在这两个方面建立了光谱信息指数与高频信息指数两个指标,然后对其进行综合建立信息量指数,从而在信息量方面加以评价,从而形成一套完整的评价体系。最后应用融合实例对创建的评价体系进行了验证。     

内蒙古黄岗梁不同色调鱼眼石的谱学特征及高压X射线衍射光谱研究

通过对内蒙古黄岗梁地区不同色调绿色鱼眼石样品的基础宝石学特征、 X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、 红外光谱、拉曼光谱等多方面综合分析,系统探讨了不同色调绿色鱼眼石的化学成分和谱学特征。通过高压X射线衍射(HPXRD)光谱测试,深入剖析了该矿物在高压环境下的晶体结构特征,为揭示鱼眼石在地质运动中再次俯冲进入地壳后的稳定存在深度提供了关键线索。研究结果表明,内蒙古黄岗梁地区的鱼眼石属于氟鱼眼石, Fe³⁺和结晶水的含量对绿色鱼眼石的色调深浅产生显著影响。在HPXRD实验中,随着压力的升高,鱼眼石的轴长和晶胞体积逐渐减小,特别是c轴的压缩率较a轴更高。在9.0 GPa和15.3 GPa两个压力节点上,观察到压缩率的突变,伴随着新衍射峰的出现以及旧衍射峰的分裂和消失。这一发现揭示了鱼眼石晶体在高压环境中发生的两次明显相变过程。本研究为鉴定鱼眼石、寻找矿物资源提供了有力的科学依据,同时为鱼眼石在地质学领域的进一步研究提供了新的视角和认识。