AO0235＋164射电波段宽带谱指数周期性变化的研究

收集了AO0235＋164天体射电4．8GHz和14．5GHz波段的光变测量数据,并获得了长期的光变曲线,从光变曲线可以看出其活动是非常剧烈的。利用Jurkevieh方法和自相关函数方法分别对AO0235＋164射电波段宽带谱指数进行周期性分析,并对流量和谱指数进行相关性分析,研究结果表明：（1）AO0235＋164天体射电波段4．8GHz-14．5GHz对应的宽带谱指数,可能存在5．30年的光变周期,与Liu等人用功率谱法在射电波段发现其流量密度可能存在5．59±0．47年的光变周期基本吻合;（2）宽带谱指数与流量密度之间存在相关性。     

利用常熟地震台同场地形变仪记录检测对比地球自由振荡信号

利用常熟地震台同场地观测的洞体应变仪、体应变仪、水管倾斜仪、垂直摆倾斜仪记录数据,采用小波变换与功率谱密度估计方法,检测2011年3月11日日本9.0级大地震激发的地球自由振荡信号,其中检测到47个球型基频振型（₀S₃—₀S₄₉）、15个环型基频振型（₀T₅—0T₂₅）以及部分球型谐频振型,与地球初步参考模型（PREM）理论频率值基本符合,表明检测结果较好。对比结果显示：水管倾斜仪检测球型振荡振型能力最强,垂直摆倾斜仪检测环型振荡振型能力最强;体应变仪可检测到清晰的环型基频振型,且信噪比较高;倾斜仪对自由振荡信号的检测能力优于应变仪。     

昌潍坳陷新生代古地温分析

昌潍坳陷是胜利油田重要的外围勘探区域,确定其古地温对研究其生烃史和油气成藏史具有重要的意义.综合应用镜质体反射率和磷灰石裂变径迹方法反演得到了其新生代热史演化规律,得出昌潍坳陷新生代古地温梯度演化趋势从古到今逐步降低的结论.同时间接证明了综合镜质体反射率和磷灰石裂变径迹反演东部简单盆地热史是一种行之有效的方法.     

珠江口盆地惠州地区珠江组砂体上倾尖灭的地质-地球物理“逐级预测”方法

砂体上倾尖灭油气藏是岩性油气藏中重要类型之一,砂体上倾尖灭的刻画与描述是上倾尖灭圈闭有效性评价的关键。在以三角洲前缘沉积为主构成的三级层序内,三角洲沉积相关砂体上倾尖灭的地质-地球物理“逐级预测”描述方法对于认识上倾尖灭油气藏分布规律及其油气勘探具有重要意义。该方法由5个部分组成:在三级层序识别的基础上,运用高精度层序地层划分技术建立了四级层序构成的高频层序地层格架;在高频层序约束下,利用地震沉积学技术描述沉积相的平面分布;在地质模型指导下,利用频谱成像技术定性确定尖灭带的分布;利用相控储层反演半定量、定量预测砂体尖灭线;根据不同成因砂体的沉积特点,利用正演模拟技术开展尖灭线的外推预测。     

光谱保真归一化卷积高光谱超分辨率重建方法

高光谱遥感图像受到成像系统硬件限制,无法同时具有高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率,较低的空间分辨率制约高光谱图像的应用,超分辨率重建技术可提高图像的空间分辨率。针对高光谱图像的超分辨率重建中光谱保真度的问题,在重建方法中耦合光谱保真度函数,结合结构自适应归一化卷积方法,提出基于光谱保真约束的归一化卷积方法。具体地,将图像局部邻域内像素间的光谱相关性作为约束条件,将与中心像素光谱类似的像素赋予较大权值,从而提高重建后图像光谱特性的保持程度。实验中分别从空间结构与光谱信息保真两个方面来评价重建后结果,结果表明该方法具有较好的光谱信息保持度。     

张北地震序列波谱分析

采用石家庄遥测台网数字化的地震记录,选取了1998年1月～1999年12月张北震区的146条地震,分别对P波、S波作了波谱分析,求取了拐角频率、地震矩、震源半径、应力降、平均位错和波谱能量。分析了拐角频率和应力降随时间的变化趋势,并讨论了震源参数相互之间的关系。结果表明,在1999年3月11日5．6级地震之前应力降和拐角频率均出现异常,同时发现,S波对环境的变化比P波敏感,P波较稳定,且各震源参数与震级有一定相关。     

Cotton canopy reflectance under variable solar zenith angles: Implications of use in evapotranspiration models

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important parameter in hydrologic processes and modelling. In agricultural watersheds with competing uses of fresh water including irrigated agriculture, estimating crop evapotranspiration (ET_c) accurately is critical for improving irrigation system and basin water management. The use of remote sensing-based basal crop coefficients is becoming a common method for estimating crop evapotranspiration for multiple crops over large areas. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), based on reflectance in the red and near-infrared bands, are commonly used for this purpose. In this paper, we examine the effects of row crop orientation and soil background darkening due to shading and soil surface wetness on these two vegetation indices through modelling, coupled with a field experiment where canopy reflectance of a cotton crop at different solar zenith angles, was measured with a portable radiometer. The results show that the NDVI is significantly more affected than the SAVI by background shading and soil surface wetness, especially in north–south oriented rows at higher latitudes and could lead to a potential overestimation of crop evapotranspiration and irrigation water demand if used for basal crop coefficient estimation. Relationships between the analysed vegetation indices and canopy biophysical parameters such as crop height, fraction of cover and leaf area index also were developed for both indices.     

Spectral analysis of continuous redox data reveals geochemical dynamics near the stream–aquifer interface

Changes in streamflow and water table elevation influence oxidation–reduction (redox) conditions near river–aquifer interfaces, with potentially important consequences for solute fluxes and biogeochemical reaction rates. Although continuous measurements of groundwater chemistry can be arduous, in situ sensors reveal chemistry dynamics across a wide range of timescales. We monitored redox potential in an aquifer adjacent to a tidal river and used spectral and wavelet analyses to link redox responses to hydrologic perturbations within the bed and banks. Storms perturb redox potential within both the bed and banks over timescales of days to weeks. Tides drive semidiurnal oscillations in redox potential within the streambed that are absent in the banks. Wavelet analysis shows that tidal redox oscillations in the bed are greatest during late summer (wavelet magnitude of 5.62 mV) when river stage fluctuations are on the order of 70 cm and microbial activity is relatively high. Tidal redox oscillations diminish during the winter (wavelet magnitude of 2.73 mV) when river stage fluctuations are smaller (on the order of 50 cm) and microbial activity is presumably low. Although traditional geochemical observations are often limited to summer baseflow conditions, in situ redox sensing provides continuous, high‐resolution chemical characterization of the subsurface, revealing transport and reaction processes across spatial and temporal scales in aquifers.     

Change detection of linear features in temporally spaced remotely sensed images using edge-based grid analysis

Automatic change detection of land cover features using high-resolution satellite images, is a challenging problem in the field of intelligent remote sensing data interpretation, and is becoming more and more effective for its applications viz. urban planning and monitoring, disaster assessment etc. In the present study, a change in detection approach based on the image morphology that analyses change in the local image grids is proposed. In this approach, edges from both the images are extracted and grid wise comparison is made by probabilistic thresholding and power spectral density analysis for identifying change area. One of the advantages of the proposed methodology is that the temporal images used in the change analysis need not be radiometrically corrected as analysis is based on edge extractions. The grid-based analysis further reduces the error, which might have been introduced by image mis-registration. The proposed methodology is validated by finding the temporal changes in the linear land cover features in parts of Kolkata city, India using three different image data-sets from LISS IV, Cartosat-1 and Google earth having varied spatial resolutions of 5.8 m, 2.5 m and about 1 m, respectively. The overall accuracy in identifying changes is found to be 64.82, 73.86 and 80.93% for LISS IV, Cartosat-1 and Google earth data-set, respectively.     

结合毫米波雷达提取降水条件下风廓线雷达大气垂直速度的研究

风廓线雷达主要是利用大气湍流对电磁波的散射作用,在晴空条件下对大气风场等进行探测。在降水天气下,风廓线雷达能同时接收到大气湍流回波和雨滴的散射回波信号,其探测到的回波功率谱中降水信号谱和大气湍流信号谱叠加在一起,使得大气的运动被雨滴的运动信息所掩盖,给后续的大气风场反演带来误差。而毫米波云雷达在降水天气下仅能探测到云雨粒子的回波而无法探测到大气湍流回波,基于这一差异结合毫米波云雷达资料对风廓线雷达功率谱数据进行订正,剔除其中的降水回波信息,进而获取正确的大气运动垂直速度。通过一次典型弱降水天气过程的雷达资料对该方法进行了可行性验证,并将计算得出的大气垂直速度与传统双峰法提取的大气运动垂直速度及原始风廓线雷达垂直速度进行了对比分析,显示在弱降水天气下该方法能有效消除降水对风廓线雷达垂直速度测量的影响,提高弱降水天气下测速准确率,并且在湍流谱极其微弱的情况下该方法也能准确地获取到大气运动垂直速度信息。但是云雷达回波在降水时会有衰减,虽然是弱降水也会导致在高层距离库上的订正效果变差,故目前只适用于弱降水时低距库处的降水订正。