能谱CT最佳单能量技术优化头颈部CTA图像质量的研究

目的：探讨能谱CT最佳单能量技术提高头颈部CTA图像质量的价值。方法：选取2016年2月至2017年12月期间收治的60例疑似患有头颈部血管疾病的患者,进行能谱CT头颈部减影CTA检查。获得最佳单能量、常规混合能量两组减影图像,测量两组主动脉弓、颈总动脉末端、大脑中动脉M1段的CT值;计算两组图像信噪比（SNR）、对比噪声比（CNR）;对两组血管质量进行主观质量评分;并比较两组之间的差异性。结果：最佳单能量组、常规混合能量组在主动脉弓层面,平均CT值分别为445.25±105.45、283.88±71.96;在颈总动脉末端层面,平均CT值分别为444.00±96.02、350.38±76.40;在大脑中动脉M1段层面,平均CT值分别为375.00±73.78、280.00±55.12;差异均有统计学意义。两组图像SNR分别为62.01±39.56、31.36±17.35;CNR分别为60.46±39.19、30.10±16.80;差异有统计学意义;两组图像主观质量评分比较,差异有统计学意义。结论：能谱CT最佳单能量减影CTA较常规混合能量减影CTA,具有更高的血管CT值、SNR、CNR、主观质量评分,可提高头颈部血管CTA质量,优化血管的显示。     

介形类壳体中Sr/Ca及Mg/Ca比值的ICP-AES测定

沉积物中介形类壳体的Ｓｒ／Ｃａ和Ｍｇ／Ｃａ比值可用于湖泊古盐度和古温度的重建。本文从双通道顺序扫描式ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ的特点出发,对μｇ级介形类样品中的低含量元素Ｓｒ和Ｍｇ选择最灵敏谱线和最佳通道,对各项条件进行最优化。Ｓｒ和Ｍｇ的检测限分别为１．１μｇ／Ｌ和１．４μｇ／Ｌ。本文以此法准确测定了介形类样品中Ｓｒ／Ｃａ比值和Ｍｇ／Ｃａ比值,回收率实验结果令人满意。     

资源三号卫星高分影像的城市建筑物阴影提取

针对城市高分影像中普遍存在的建筑物阴影严重影响了高分影像的处理和应用问题,该文通过对资源三号卫星(ZY-3)各波段的影像特征进行分析,分别采用基于直方图的阈值分割法、基于主成分变换和HIS变换集成法对阴影提取并对比分析,在此基础上提出了一种基于谱间关系的阴影提取模型。实验结果表明,该文提出的方法能够较好地区分ZY-3影像中的阴影和偏蓝色地物及水体,能够准确地提取城市高大地物阴影。     

山东数字测震台站台基背景噪声分析

介绍了山东数字地震台网基本情况,计算了40个测震台站台基背景噪声,利用Welch方法计算噪声功率谱密度(PSD),进而计算地震台台基1-20 Hz地动噪声均方根值(RMS)和有效动态观测范围.根据计算结果,依照《地震台站观测环境技术要求》,对山东测震数字台网40个参评测震台站进行背景噪声级别分类,并分析不同台站背景噪声...     

Preliminary analysis of the first digital recordings obtained in the Portuguese seismographic network — Attenuation studies

During experiments with digital stations in the period 1985–1987, twenty five earthquakes with magnitudes m _b in the range 2.9 to 4.8 and epicentres located within the area 36°–42.3° (N) and 4.5°–13.6° (W) were recorded at Montemor (MOE) and Montachique (MTH). The three-component recordings were obtained by Geotech S13 instruments with 1 second period. A preliminary analysis of the recordings consisted in the determination of amplitudes and spectral contents of P and S waves, and led to the following observations: (1) The attenuation of waves is expressed by the equation V = exp(C ₂).R ^C ₁. exp(C ₃.M), where V stands for acceleration, velocity or displacement; M-magnitude; R-focal distance; C ₁, C ₂ and C ₃ are constants to be obtained by least square fitting. The application of this equation led to C ₁ of the order 1.7 for displacement, 1.8 for velocity and 2.0 for acceleration, with an average mean square error 0.8. (2) The ratios L/T (longitudinal/transversal amplitudes), for velocity and displacement, showed a tendency to reduce with increasing focal distance, being 2 for short distances (<50 km) and 1 for long distances (400 km). (3) The ratios S/P (S-wave/P-wave amplitudes), although with a large dispersion, showed a slight tendency for increasing with focal distance. (4) The predominant frequencies also showed a slight tendency to decrease with increasing focal distance and with magnitude. (5) The dependence of C ₁ with frequency (3 to 12 Hz) is well behaved from 0.95 to 1.75 (for the velocity trace).     

1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional effective conductivity of aquifers

Starting with a stochastic differential equation with random coefficients describing steady-state flow, the effective hydraulic conductivity of 1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional aquifers is derived. The natural logarithm of hydraulic conductivity (lnK) is assumed to be heterogeneous, with a spatial trend, and isotropic. The effective conductivity relates the mean specific discharge in an aquifer to the mean hydraulic gradient, thus its importance in predicting Darcian discharge when field data represent mean or average values of conductivity or hydraulic head. Effective conductivity results are presented in exact form in terms of elementary functions after the introduction of special sets of coordinate transformations in two and three dimensions. It was determined that in one, two, and three dimensions, for the type of aquifer heterogeneity considered, the effective hydraulic conductivity depends on: (i) the angle between the gradient of the trend of lnK and the mean hydraulic gradient (which is zero in the one-dimensional situation); (2) (inversely) on the product of the magnitude of the trend gradient of lnK, b, and the correlation scale of lnK, and (3) (proportionally) on the variance of lnK, _f ² . The productb plays a central role in the stability of the results for effective hydraulic conductivity.     

体应变最大熵谱分析在江苏及邻区中强震的预报应用

最大熵谱分析方法具有分辨率高、灵敏度和稳定性好等优点。把它引用到应力应变学科中 ,为该学科在地震预报中开辟一条新路 ,也是对最大熵谱分析方法应用的推广。选用了徐州台、溧阳台近年来的体应变观测资料 ,着重研究了南黄海 6.1级地震、苍山 5 .2级地震和射阳4.6级地震。研究结果表明 ,地震前的短临阶段体应变谱结构第一主频均有不同程度的衰减或增强 ,这种变化反映了地震前兆信息 ,因而可用于地震的短临预报     

DETERMINATION OF GASEOUS COMPOSITION IN THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE BY USING HIGH SPECTRAL RESOLUTION METHODS

One of the crucial problems in study on the middle atmosphere is to determine theconcentration and distribution of some trace gases.In this aspect,sounding methods with highspectral resolution have been developed by many scientists.Some major trace gases and theirspectral characteristics,space-borne limb method for determination of trace gases in the middleatmosphere are introduced,requirements for used methods and instruments,development andchallenge encountered by sounding of trace gases with high spectral resolution are discussed in thispaper.     

自忆谱模式及其初步应用

取一个数值预报模式作为动力核,基于相应的自忆性方程,可设计一个自忆预报模式。现以美国AFGL谱模式作为动力核,推导了一个能使用多时刻资料的自忆谱模式。运用全球网格点资料,通过复最小二乘估计,求得模式中的记忆系数。用该模式试作全球高空温度场的30天平均预报。预报检验表明,自忆谱模式的预报技巧是相当高的。