动态数据库模型的研究与应用

现有的时空数据库模型不能完全满足国家基础地理信息动态数据库的要求。本文分析总结了常用的空间数据库模型的结构和功能,提出了动态“版本-差量”模型,并利用此模型对国家基础地理信息动态数据库进行了建库试验。试验表明该模型可以很好的描述和管理复杂的基础地理信息数据,方便的查询任意时刻的空间信息及其空间关系。     

基于时空数据库的动态可视化研究

本文针对当前时空数据库的时空表达,进行了初步的分析研究,提出了时空数据库动态可视化的概念,试验结果表明,利用计算机动画、动态符号和动态地图等技术,对时空数据进行了动态地表达。     

基于Petri网的时空拓扑关系研究

地理信息系统所产生的问题,很大程度上受数据类型设计与数据表现方法的影响,由3类数据：状态、事件与证据组成的时态地理信息系统,对这种影响更为明显。已有的时空数据模型只描述状态（如快照序列模型）或只描述事件（如基于事件的时空数据模型）,难以表达状态与事件间的因果关系。本文提出的基于Petri网的时空数据模型。能显式存储状态、事件以及状态与事件间的因果关系,其中Petri网的库所表达状态、变迁表达事件及有向弧表达状态与事件间的关系。最后用该模型对土地划拨中的变化进行了描述,表明能便于对事件和状态的查询,及对事件之间、状态之间以及事件与状态之间的时态关系的查询。     

A spatio-temporal method for crime prediction using historical crime data and transitional zones identified from nightlight imagery

ABSTRACT

Accurate crime prediction can help allocate police resources for crime reduction and prevention. There are two popular approaches to predict criminal activities: one is based on historical crime, and the other is based on environmental variables correlated with criminal patterns. Previous research on geo-statistical modeling mainly considered one type of data in space-time domain, and few sought to blend multi-source data. In this research, we proposed a spatio-temporal Cokriging algorithm to integrate historical crime data and urban transitional zones for more accurate crime prediction. Time-series historical crime data were used as the primary variable, while urban transitional zones identified from the VIIRS nightlight imagery were used as the secondary co-variable. The algorithm has been applied to predict weekly-based street crime and hotspots in Cincinnati, Ohio. Statistical tests and Predictive Accuracy Index (PAI) and Predictive Efficiency Index (PEI) tests were used to validate predictions in comparison with those of the control group without using the co-variable. The validation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm with historical crime data and urban transitional zones increased the correlation coefficient by 5.4% for weekdays and by 12.3% for weekends in statistical tests, and gained higher hit rates measured by PAI/PEI in the hotspots test.     

A spatio-temporal data model for road network in data center based on incremental updating in vehicle navigation system

The technique of incremental updating,which can better guarantee the real-time situation of navigational map,is the developing orientation of navigational road network updating.The data center of vehicle navigation system is in charge of storing incremental data,and the spatio-temporal data model for storing incremental data does affect the efficiency of the response of the data center to the requirements of incremental data from the vehicle terminal.According to the analysis on the shortcomings of several ...     

2001-2010年蒙古国MODIS-NDVI时空变化监测分析

利用2001 - 2010年的空间分辨率为1km的MODIS-NDVI数据,以蒙古国为研究区域,利用最大值合成法、均值法与差值法、一元线性回归等方法,分析了不同季节下植被覆盖的年内变化、年际变化与波动趋势、空间变化特征.结果表明:M(ODIS- NDVI对植被的生长变化具有较高的敏感度,可有效应用于植被生态的评估和监测...     

1961-2007年内蒙古降水时空分布

利用1961-2007年内蒙古43个气象站点长时间序列的降水资料,采用EOF(经验正交函数)、功率谱方法等,结合GIS的空间分析功能,分析了内蒙古自治区47 a里年、季降水量的时空分布特征.研究结果表明:内蒙古年降水大致存在三种主要的类型场:总体一致型、东北一西南向多区域反位相型、相间混合型.四季降水主要有:总体一致型...     

时空轨迹聚类方法研究进展

时空轨迹(Trajectory)是移动对象的位置和时间的记录序列.作为一种重要的时空对象数据类型和信息源,时空轨迹的应用范围涵盖了人类行为、交通物流、应急疏散管理、动物习性和市场营销等诸多方面.通过对各种时空轨迹数据进行聚类分析,可以提取时空轨迹数据中的相似性与异常特征,并有助于发现其中有意义的模式.本文根据时空轨迹数...     

中国雨凇的时空变化

基于1954—2017年中国2426个台站的日雨凇资料分析了中国雨凇日数的气候特征和变化特征。中国的雨凇主要出现在新疆和中国的103°E以东地区,主要区域有三个,分别是陕甘宁三省(区)交界、河南—湖北东部、江西—湖南—贵州—云贵川交界,其中第三个区域范围最大、雨凇日数最多,平均每年单站可达5～50 d,海拔3 047 m的峨眉山雨凇日数(128 d)为全国最多。黄河以南的雨凇区域内,海拔1000 m以上站点雨凇日数易多,峨眉山、南岳、威宁、庐山是我国雨凇日数最多的几个站。我国雨凇基本出现在9月至次年5月,最早出现最晚结束的区域在天山山脉、陕甘宁交界、云贵川交界站点。从范围大小、日数上均以江西—湖南—贵州—云贵川交界区域突出,该区域雨凇日数在出现时段内呈主峰型分布,出现时间主要集中在隆冬季节冷空气最活跃的1月中旬到2月上旬。三个主雨凇区的雨凇开始和结束日期无明显年代际差异,而日雨凇概率有明显的年代际变化特征,1961—2016年期间的前26年明显高于后30年。1961—2016年全国雨凇日数整体呈减少趋势,1990年后除贵州—湖南主雨凇区外,雨凇范围明显减小。     

Long-term trends in the structure of eastern Adriatic littoral fish assemblages: Consequences for fisheries management

Long-term interannual changes in abundance, biomass, diversity and structure of littoral fish assemblages were examined between 1993 and 2009 by experimental trammel net fishing up to six times per year, within the warm period - May to September, at multiple areas along the eastern Adriatic coast with the aim of testing for the consistency of patterns of change across a large spatial scale (∼600 km). The results revealed spatially consistent increasing trends of total fish abundance and biomass growing at an average rate of 15 and 14% per year, respectively. Of the diversity indices analysed, the same pattern of variability was observed for Shannon diversity, while Pielou evenness and average taxonomic distinctness measures Δ^∗ and Δ⁺ showed spatial variability with no obvious temporal trends. Multivariate fish assemblage structure underwent a directional change displaying a similar pattern through time for all the areas. The structural change in fish assemblages generally involved most of the species present in trammel net catches. A large pool of fish species responsible for producing the temporal pattern of assemblage change was relatively different in each of the areas reflecting a large geographic range covered by the study. An analysis of 4 fish species (Symphodus tinca, Pagellus erythrinus, Mullus surmuletus, Scorpaena porcus) common to each of the study areas as the ones driving the temporal change indicated that there were clear increasing trends of their mean catches across the years at all the study areas. A common pattern among time trajectories across the spatial scale studied implies that the factor affecting the littoral fish assemblages is not localised but regional in nature. As an underlying factor having the potential to induce such widespread and consistent improvements in littoral fish assemblages, a more restrictive artisanal fishery management that has progressively been put in place during the study period, is suggested and discussed.