“一带一路”战略的河南行动

"一带一路"战略是我国现代化建设与世界和平发展的一项世纪伟业。河南参与建设"一带一路"的行动,要以发挥优势、主动融入、服务大局为宗旨,把实施三大国家战略纳入"一带一路"框架内。构建全方位对外开放的新格局、大格局,努力推动基础设施联通、能源资源拓展、金融保障构筑、经贸产业深化、人文交流强化等领域的筹划与协作。完善一个载体,打造四个体系,组建大郑州都市地区,形成我国内陆腹地支撑"一带一路"的"中原板块"。     

基于GIS的城市人防工程空间分析模型的建立与实现

为提高城市人防工程的管理水平,利用地理信息系统技术(GIS)的空间分析功能,首先在分析城市人防工程的实体—关系模型(E-R模型)的基础上,根据GIS空间分析的特点,提出了基于空间分析的城市人防工程的数据库结构;其次,根据城市人防工程规划、管理和施工的需要,建立了城市人防工程设备的承载力、辐射范围缓冲图、人口疏散隐蔽路线最佳路径、地下人防工程3维分析等几种空间分析模型,并对各种模型的表示内容和实现方法进行了阐述,从而实现了城市人防工程的可视化和动态化管理。该模型在广州市人防工程综合管理信息系统应用后,提高了广州市的城市人防工程的管理水平,促进了该人防办的数字化进程。     

Analysis of Spatial Mismatch of Tourism Development in Guangdong Province

The spatial mismatch situation of tourism development in Guangdong Province is analyzed by gravity model and two-dimensional matrix based on the spatial mismatch hypothesis, and the results are visualized using ArcGIS software. This study finds that varying degrees of spatial mismatch exist between the level of tourism development, abundance of tourism resources and accessibility of tourism locations in the 21 cities in Guangdong Province. The gravity centers for tourism economy, tourism resources and tourism location are (113.55° E, 23.00° N), (113.69° E, 23.21° N) and (113.74° E, 22.86° N), respectively. According to the two-dimensional combinatorial matrices, synchronous development is shown in 10 prefecture-level cities for the tourism revenue-resource abundance combination, whereas it is shown in seven prefecture-level cities for the tourism revenue-tourism location combination. Guangzhou and Shenzhen are synchronous-double high zones for both combinations, while Foshan, Qingyuan, Yangjiang, Zhongshan and Jieyang are deviating-negative mismatch zones for both combinations. Furthermore, the vast majority of prefecture-level cities within the province currently present mismatching trends in tourism development. Based on the analysis results, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward taking into account the actual situation and opportunities for further tourism development in various prefecture-level cities.     

基于上市公司网络的长三角城市网络空间结构研究

公司内部网络研究是当前城市经济网络研究的重要内容.本文利用2005、2010年长三角A股上市公司企业网络数据库,运用社会网络分析方法、位序—规模分析法等,分析了2005、2010年长三角城市网络空间结构演变及其主要影响因素.研究发现:①长三角上市公司总部沿沪宁—沪杭—杭甬Z字形轴线集聚,从一主(上海)二副(杭州、南京)三中心向一主(上海)三副(杭州、苏州、南京)四中心空间结构演变;苏州超过南京成为第三大企业总部集聚中心.②长三角城市网络核心—边缘结构整体延续,Z字形轴线城市维持核心地位,具备强大的网络权力与威望.③长三角城市网络除等级扩散、邻近扩散等特征之外.还具有明显的行政地域性.主要体现在省会南京、杭州分别成为江苏、浙江省内外上市公司子公司的重要据点;尤其是南京凭借省会优势,中心度仍然高于总部职能较强的苏州.④在长三角经济一体化背景下,跨行政地域性的联系有所加强,特别是上海、苏南向苏中、苏北的扩散明显;浙西南仍是网络相对封闭、孤立的地带,中心度相对较低.⑤行政等级和区划,市场容量等是长三角城市网络空间结构的主要影响因素,而到上海高速公路时间距离、劳动力成本和土地成本的影响在统计上未通过显著性检验.     

全球粮食安全格局的时空演化

Food security is the primary prerequisite for achieving other Millennium Development Goals(MDGs).Given that the MDG of“halving the proportion of hungers by 2015”was not realized as scheduled,it will be more pressing and challenging to reach the goal of zero hunger by 2030.So there is high urgency to find the pattern and mechanism of global food security from the perspective of spatio-temporal evolution.In this paper,based on the analysis of database by using a multi-index evaluation method and radar map area model,the global food security level for 172 countries from 2000 to 2014 were assessed;and then spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted to depict the spatial patterns and changing characteristics of global food security;then,multi-nonlinear regression methods were employed to identify the factors affecting the food security patterns.The results show:1)The global food security pattern can be summarized as“high-high aggregation,low-low aggregation”.The most secure countries are mainly distributed in Western Europe,North America,Oceania and parts of East Asia.The least secure countries are mainly distributed in sub-Saharan Africa,South Asia and West Asia,and parts of Southeast Asia.2)Europe and sub-Saharan Africa are hot and cold spots of the global food security pattern respectively,while in non-aggregation areas,Haiti,North Korea,Tajikistan and Afghanistan have long-historical food insecurity problems.3)The pattern of global food security is generally stable,but the internal fluctuations in the extremely insecure groups were significant.The countries with the highest food insecurity are also the countries with the most fluctuated levels of food security.4)The annual average temperature,per capita GDP,proportion of people accessible to clean water,political stability and non-violence levels are the main factors influencing the global food security pattern.Research shows that the status of global food security has improved since the year 2000,yet there are still many challenges such as unstable global food security and acute regional food security issues.It will be difficult to understand these differences from a single factor,especially the annual average temperature and annual precipitation.The abnormal performance of the above factors indicates that appropriate natural conditions alone do not absolutely guarantee food security,while the levels of agricultural development,the purchasing power of residents,regional accessibility,as well as political and economic stability have more direct influence.     

不同空间权重定义下中国人口分布空间自相关特征分析

人口分布的研究对实现人口、环境、资源可持续管理具有深刻意义。相对于洛伦斯曲线、基尼系数等传统度量指标,运用空间自相关分析可以较好地表达人口分布的集聚现象,揭示人口格局的空间结构和空间相互作用。空间自相关测度的关键因素之一为空间权重矩阵。当前人口空间自相关特征测度多采用单一邻近关系定义空间权重矩阵,忽视了不同空间邻近关系对自相关特征分析结果的影响。本文根据距离阈值和邻接关系定义了八种空间权重,包括新定义的高铁两小时可达性空间权重。基于2010年《中国人口年鉴》统计资料,结合GeoDa软件测度了中国人口空间分布自相关特征并分析空间权重定义对自相关特征分析结果的影响。发现:(1)在不同空间邻近关系下,中国省域人口密度分布在全局自相关上均呈现空间正自相关,但其显著性水平有差异;(2)局部自相关分析结果Moran's I表现出明显的区域差异。     

一种面向网络发布的海洋数据库引擎

To meet the requirements of efficient management and web publishing for marine remote sensing data, a spatial database engine, named MRSSDE, is designed independently. The logical model, physical model, and optimization method of MRSSDE are discussed in detail. Compared to the ArcSDE, which is the leading product of Spatial Database Engine, the MRSSDE proved to be more effective.     

河南区域经济增长俱乐部趋同研究

1990~2004年,河南区域经济增长形成了高收入、中高收入、中低收入和低收入 4个趋同俱乐部。高收入和低收入趋同俱乐部的稳定性最大且连片扩张,区域经济增长水平和空间结构的两极分化日趋增强。总体上,一个区域的"邻居区域环境"对其经济增长及其向何种趋同俱乐部转移有规律性的影响。低收入区域的经济增长及其向中低收入趋同俱乐部转移的概率与其邻居区域的经济增长水平正相关。中低收入区域更倾向于向低收入趋同俱乐部转移。对于中高收入区域,与经济增长水平越高的区域为邻,其向高收入趋同俱乐部转移的概率越大;反之,与经济增长水平越低的区域为邻,其向中低收入趋同俱乐部转移概率也越大。高收入区域的经济增长及稳定性受邻居区域的影响比较小。     

1990-2010年福建省县域人口老龄化时空演变特征及其驱动机制

将探索性空间数据分析方法应用于人口老龄化区域差异研究,以福建省为例,分析1990-2010年间县域人口老龄化时空演变特征,并探讨导致格局演变的驱动机制。结果表明：① 人口老龄化的总体空间格局存在较强的空间正相关性,但空间集聚有所减弱。② 热点区（高度热点区）由沿海向内陆演进,属跃迁式突变;边缘区发展方向刚好相反,属收缩式渐变。③ 总变异中随机性因素增大,结构化分异减弱;区域空间差异愈发显著,主要体现在西北—东南方向上。④ 各类因素对不同地区人口老龄化的影响程度和方向各不相同,但在空间上按一定的方向产生具有一定规律性的分化。总体而言,死亡率和每千人拥有病床数对人口老龄化贡献为正,出生率、人均受教育年限及迁入率具有抑制作用,而人均GDP对人口老龄化既有推动也有抑制作用。     

中国西北近45a来极端低温事件及其对区域增暖的响应

利用中国西北五省(区)1960-2004年100个台站逐日最低温度资料,通过百分位法定义了不同台站的逐日极端低温阈值,对近45 a来西北地区逐年极端低温事件发生频次进行了时空诊断,并分析其同西北区域性增暖的响应.结果表明:一致性异常分布是中国西北年极端低温事件发生频次的最主要空间模态;中国西北年极端低温事件发生频次的空间分布可分为以下5个关键区:北疆区、青海北部区、西北东部区、南疆区及青南高原区;年极端低温事件发生频次除了青南高原区表现为微弱的减少趋势外,北疆区、青海北部区、西北东部区和南疆区均表现为显著的减少趋势,并且发生了突变现象.在年极端低温事件发生频次的各主要空间分区中,13～15 a和7～8 a的周期在所有分区中反映得比较清楚;年极端低温事件发生频次对西北区域性增暖呈显著负响应.