区域规划空间信息系统建设与应用研究——以江苏省城乡规划信息系统为例

区域性城乡规划信息系统建设开展较晚,与城市级规划信息系统不同,其应用需求、数据构成、技术架构具有其独特性。结合新一轮江苏省城镇体系规划修编工作,开展全省城乡规划信息数据建库和应用平台的开发工作,系统根据区域规划的编制和研究应用需求,制定了面向未来区域规划工作需求的数据标准,集成了全省多源、多尺度、多时态的空间数据,实现了跨专业、跨平台空间信息的整合与共享。为江苏省城镇体系规划以及其他相关编制提供数据分析、规划决策支撑等服务,并预留未来与其他各类地理信息系统的应用接口。     

集群并发环境下大规模矢量数据负载均衡算法

为了提高集群环境下网络地理信息系统(WebGIS)大规模矢量数据的并发访问性能,提出了集群并发环境下大规模矢量数据内容网格化负载均衡算法,研究了大规模矢量数据内容网格化方法,集群并发访问时内容网格的自动识别、分析、聚合、反馈算法,实现了面向任务的负载均衡。实验表明,本算法能在大规模、高强度的矢量数据提取和显示中均衡地分发请求,使集群服务器充分发挥其优势从而获得最小的请求响应时间。     

Measurement of similarity for spatial directions between areal objects

Similarity for spatial directions plays an important role in GIS. In this paper, the conventional approaches are analyzed. Based on raster data areal objects, the authors propose two new methods for measuring similarity among spatial directions. One is to measure the similarity among spatial directions based on the features of raster data and the changes of distances between spatial objects, the other is to measure the similarity among spatial directions according to the variation of each raster cell centroid angle. The two methods overcome the complexity of measuring similarity among spatial directions with direction matrix model and solve the limitation of small changes in direction. The two methods are simple and have broader applicability.     

Multi-resolution seamless image database

This paper presents the basic concepts and principles, data structure and high efficient spatial index for multi-resolution image database. The database is characterized by arrangement of multi-resource image data and seamless mosaic, distribution-based storage and management, integration with other spatial database software such as GeoStar and GeoGrid developed by Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping.     

Development of a data mining method for land control

Land resources are facing crises of being misused, especially for an intersection area between town and country, and land control has to be enforced. This paper presents a development of data mining method for land control. A vector-match method for the prerequisite of data mining i. e., data cleaning is proposed, which deals with both character and numeric data via vectorizing character-string and matching number. A minimal decision algorithm of rough set is used to discover the knowledge hidden in the data warehouse. In order to monitor land use dynamically and accurately, it is suggested to set up a real-time land control system based on GPS, digital photogrammetry and online data mining. Finally, the means is applied in the intersection area between town and country of Wuhan city, and a set of knowledge about land control is discovered.     

Towards an integral strategy for modelling uncertain geospatial data

This paper endeavours to put the discussion on errors and uncertainties in geographical information systems (GISs) in a more systematic way by examining the strength and weakness of discrete objects and continous fields, the two distinct schools of spatial data modelling. In doing so, it argues that neither discrete objects nor continous fields alone provide objective and complete representations of highly complex geographical phenomena, though there are good reasons for asserting that continuous fields are better suited to modelling spatial dependence, heterogeneity and fuzzines significant in geographical reality than discrete objects. Thus, there seems to be merit in adopting an integrated model incorporating analytical capabilities of fields and generalization functions of objects, for which extended TIN (triangulated irregular network) models along with their duals (Voronoi diagrams) provide a pragmatical solution.     

China Digital Ocean Prototype System

Abstract

Digital Ocean is a new research domain of Digital Earth. Because of the spatio-temporal, three-dimensional (3D) and intrinsically dynamic nature of ocean data, it is more difficult to make a breakthrough in this domain. The construction of the China Digital Ocean Prototype System (CDOPS) pushes Digital Ocean a step forward from its operation as a mere concept to its achievement as a realistic system. In this paper, the technical framework of the CDOPS is discussed, including its data, function, and application layers. Then, two key technologies are studied in detail that will enable the construction of the 3D ocean environment and the visualization of the ocean model output data. Practical demonstrations show that the CDOPS provides a technical reference for the development of Digital Ocean. This paper is based on an ongoing research project of the development of CDOPS that aims at the facilitation, integration, sharing, accessing, visualization, and use of the ocean data and model computing data from the Digital Earth perspective.     

Addressing administrative units in international tsunami early warning systems: shortcomings in international geocode standards

Abstract

Administrative units reflect the territorial hierarchies established within all countries of the world. The units are addressable with geocodes that provide a bijective mapping between territories and unique identification codes. Early warning systems for natural or man-made hazards often map affected or threatened areas to administrative units to establish a spatial reference that is comprehensible to all parts of the population. Addressing these territories in an international context has several requirements, such as worldwide coverage, completeness and topicality, which must be met by geocode standards. In this paper, the practicability and suitability of international geocode standards are examined in the context of the requirements of large-scale early warning systems. This paper exposes the insufficiencies and limitations of existing geocode standards International Organization for Standardization (ISO)-3166, Second Administrative Level Boundaries data set project (SALB) and Nomenclature of the Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) and emphasises the suitability of the non-official hierarchical administrative subdivision codes (HASC). The analysis is framed in the context of addressing affected areas for an Indian Ocean tsunami early warning system. This system was developed within the Distant Early Warning Systems project according to the requirements of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission for Regional Tsunami Watch Providers (RTWPs).     

Enrichment of topographic road database for the purpose of routing and navigation

With growing demand on multi-purpose or multi-modal navigation, the route calculation needs to traverse semantically enriched road networks for different transportation modes. Currently, operational route planning algorithms reveal rather limited performances or their potential for comprehensive applications are constrained by the unavailable or insufficient interoperation among the underlying geo-data that are separately maintained in different spatial databases. To overcome this limitation, a novel approach has been proposed to integrate the routing-relevant information from different data sources, which involves three processes: (1) automatic matching to identify the corresponding road objects between different datasets; (2) interaction to refine the automatic matching result; and (3) transferring the routing-relevant information from one data-set to another. In process (1), the Delimited Stroke Oriented algorithm is employed to achieve the automatic data matching between different datasets, which has revealed a high matching rate and certainty. However uncertain matching problems occur in areas where topological conditions are too complicated or inconsistent. The remaining unmatched or wrongly matched objects are treated in process (2), with the help of a series of interaction tools. On the basis of refined matching results after the interaction, process (3) is dedicated to automatic integration of the routing-relevant information from different data sources.     

Performance optimization of grid aggregation in spatial data warehouses

The problem of storage and querying of large volumes of spatial grids is an issue to solve. In this paper, we propose a method to optimize queries to aggregate raster grids stored in databases. In our approach, we propose to estimate the exact result rather than calculate the exact result. This approach reduces query execution time. One advantage of our method is that it does not require implementing or modifying functionalities of database management systems. Our approach is based on a new data structure and a specific model of SQL queries. Our work is applied here to relational data warehouses.