湘南坪宝矿田岩浆热液成矿系统深部探测与地球化学约束

湘南是我国乃至世界最重要的钨锡多金属矿集区之一,发育了坪宝、柿竹园、骑田岭等多个大型矿床（田）。随着浅部资源逐渐枯竭,成矿系统深延与探测成为找矿突破的重点,尤其是覆盖层下隐伏成矿岩体、流体运移通道与矿体赋存空间的准确识别。本文以湘南坪宝矿田为例,采用广域电磁、构造解析与地球化学等方法揭示了成矿系统的空间结构与物质组成：（1）矿田深部（<5 km）存在4个隐伏的燕山期花岗岩体,包括宝山、黄沙坪、大坊、野鹅塘,岩体呈现不规则形态;（2）岩体侵位受NNE走向、NE走向与NW走向的区域断裂交汇联合控制,其岩体接触带与次级断裂为主要的控矿构造;（3）断层破碎带中方解石、石英、赤铁矿等热液矿物为成矿流体活动留下的痕迹,可用来识别成矿流体的源区与路径;（4）科学钻探证实了矿体与成矿运移通道深延稳定,且可能与深部隐伏岩体导通;（5）宝山矿区西部、黄沙坪矿区东部、大坊与野鹅塘矿区深部应为该区未来找矿勘查的重点。通过广域电磁、构造解析与矿物地球化学分析可以深入认识隐伏岩体的空间形态与形成时代,构建成矿物质与流体的“源-运-储”模型,开展成矿系统的深部探测与成矿潜力评价。     

准噶尔盆地南缘头屯河地区砂岩型铀矿铀源区及其成矿构造背景分析——来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素的证据

准噶尔盆地是我国重要的多能源矿产产出盆地之一,而准噶尔盆地南缘头屯河地区也是我国砂岩型铀矿找矿的优选区段,为了厘定头屯河地区砂岩型铀矿赋矿层位沉积期的源区位置、母岩岩性及时代,本文在野外地质调查的基础上,对头屯河地区砂岩型铀矿赋矿层中的碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Hf同位素分析,建立了碎屑锆石的U-Pb年龄及Hf模式年龄谱系。通过与周缘岩浆活动时代对比,并结合古流向数据进一步分析赋矿层位沉积期的源区位置及母岩岩性,讨论砂岩型铀矿的铀源条件。对采自侏罗系和下白垩统的4个砂岩样品进行碎屑锆石年龄分析表明:碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄存在140～180 Ma、240～320 Ma、340～420 Ma、440～480 Ma四个主峰值年龄段,年龄较平均的分布在210～480 Ma宽泛的区间内。研究表明头屯河地区早侏罗世物源来自北天山;中侏罗世物源来自中、南天山;中侏罗晚期开始转变为以北天山为主;早白垩世物源大部分来自中、北天山,少量来自博格达山地区。砂岩型铀矿化层铀源主要来自南侧天山地区的古生代中酸性火成岩,其成矿作用应该发生在盆地处于较稳定的构造环境中。     

西藏南部郎杰学群碎屑物质来源的古水流证据

新近对西藏山南琼果和贡嘎地区(特提斯喜马拉雅北亚带)弱变质的上三叠统深海—半深海沉积地层——郎杰学群地质填图调查,在出露槽模沉积构造的37个古水流点获得了43组数据。赤平投影数据恢复后发现,这一地区主力古水流有南东140°～160°和南西190°～210°两个方向。这一分析结果为郎杰学群沉积物来自北边(未知块体)而非印度次大陆的观点提供了有力证据。     

苏南地区城乡聚落空间演化过程及其格局特征

当前,城乡聚落空间正由自然和经济社会条件存在差异的等级体系转变为密切联系的网络化结构,城乡融合已经成为中国城乡聚落空间演化发展的重要方向。以苏南地区为例,对20世纪90年代以来的城乡聚落空间演化过程及其格局特征进行分析,发现2000年以后城镇聚落扩张强度远高于乡村聚落,城乡聚落空间结构可进一步归纳为集中、双心、多核和密集4种基本格局。该研究对乡村振兴背景下的城乡聚落空间优化布局具有一定指导作用。     

Structural style and tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Neogene–Quaternary Siderno Basin,southern Calabrian Arc,Italy

The Neogene–Quaternary Siderno Basin is located in the southern Calabrian Arc, along an E–W transect including the Ionian side and part of the Tyrrhenian margin. The orogenic belt was generated by ongoing northward subduction of Ionian oceanic lithosphere beginning in the Early Cretaceous. Since the Oligocene, the area has experienced complex tectonics, including NW–SE-oriented pull-apart basins. The forearc region contains >2000 m of Oligocene-to-Quaternary strata that cover pre-Tertiary rocks. The succession forms an E-dipping monocline, with tectonic growth structures increasing upward. Erosional truncations and thickness variations suggest a different evolution for the Siderno Basin, which in comparison with northern and southern parts of the Ionian accretionary wedge, evolved differently during the Serravallian–Tortonian stages. NW–SE and NE–SW fault systems are dominant, the first exhibiting strike–slip and normal kinematics in the Nicotera–Gioiosa and Molochio–Antonimina fault zones. These structures were active during infilling of the Neogene basin, and represent a complex transfer zone.

The NE–SW system shows two types of tectonic kinematics: (1) a compressive stage, with NW–SE-orientated shortening, responsible for inversion tectonics documented by east-verging folds, thrusts, and back-thrusts, and (2) emplacement of the variegated clay during the Langhian, which is related to back-thrust propagation. The strike–slip accommodated stress generated in the accretionary prism in response to subduction of Ionian lithosphere and progradation of the accretionary front of the Calabrian forearc.     

Hydrogeological problems for the rehabilitation and re-utilisation of the water resources of the mining area of Gavorrano (Italy)

The paper describes the hydrogeological problems linked to the rehabilitation and re-utilisation of the water resources of the mining area of Gavorrano (Tuscany, Italy). It shows how the geological settings of the area control the water quality, chemistry and discharge. The results of the studies and the recent situations concerning circulation, quality and discharge of the mine water are reported, with particular reference to the effects of the controlled water rebound and the complex measures necessary for the dewatering stoppage. Water rebound is analysed on the basis of available historical and recent data for its hydrodynamic influence and the consequences on water resources restoration. Different uses and possible actions are proposed, taking into account thermal, chemical and discharge characteristics as well as local planning objectives.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部晚三叠世沉降与沉积中心研究

从古地貌恢复的角度出发,依据残留厚度和补偿厚度印模法原理,恢复了鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世早期古地层厚度,从而确定了沉降中心;选取粒度矩法平均值这一参数,对同井位同层位的粒度值求平均值,将所得值投放平面图,获得粒度均值平面等值线图,湖盆中细粒碎屑物质的聚集区反映了古水流的汇合区,指示沉积中心。研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世早期沉降中心位于马家滩-白豹-宜君一线,西南部镇原-崇信一线存在局部沉降区,盆地的地层厚度变化较大,说明晚三叠世差异沉降作用明显;而沉积中心主要位于正宁-合水-姬塬-吴起-志丹-太白-黄陵-黄龙一线围成的区域,由西北向东南延展,并以北西-南东为轴向两侧迁移,长10至长7沉积期湖岸线的变化,反映了受构造沉降速率控制,湖盆的沉积中心不断扩大,长7沉积期湖盆面积最大。     

The Middle and Upper Devonian in southeastern flank of the Siberian platform (Southern Verkhoyansk Region,Sette-Daban Mountain Range)

Data on Middle and Upper Devonian deposits studied in southeastern flank of the Siberian platform are considered. A scheme of stratigraphic zoning in the study region is presented. Nineteen sedimentological and biotic events, which are recorded in the studied sections, are of the regional, interregional and global ranks. Their connection with eustatic sea-level fluctuations is established. Sections of the formation and regional horizon stratotypes and parastratotypes are described. The revision of species Mucrospirifer novosibiricus (Toll) is carried out.     

从钠溪气田看阳新统裂缝型气藏分布复杂性

本文以纳溪气田的实际资料，特别是纳６井裂缝系统的典型资料，裂缝系统在纵横向上的分布具明显的方向性和系统中流体分布异常，剖析川南地区二叠系阳新统裂缝型气藏分布的复杂性，为裂缝型气藏的勘探提供借鉴。     

新疆伊犁盆地南缘中新生代以来构造演化与聚煤规律研究

新疆伊犁盆地以其丰富的煤碳和铀矿资源倍受专家与学者的高度关注,特别是伊犁盆地南缘。笔者从煤矿勘查角度,运用构造地质学、煤田地质学、沉积学的理论,从构造应力作用强度方面阐述伊犁盆地南缘现存的构造特征、构造格局以及含煤地层中下侏罗统水西沟群的沉积特征和赋煤性。笔者分析了古气候和沉积环境与聚煤关系,认为水西沟群是在温暖潮湿古气候条件下形成的冲积扇-扇三角洲体系的产物,有利于泥碳沼泽环境的形成,特别是西山窑组具备形成稳定而厚大煤层的基本条件。笔者重点分析中新生代以来的构造演化过程对煤矿的形成与保护作用,认为区域构造背景直接决定了盆地的形成与演化,从而影响着研究区成煤环境与赋煤潜力;构造格局或构造特征是成煤后构造演化的结果,即其活动影响着煤层成藏或保存程度;构造作用的差异性影响着煤层的保存状态和分布范围。