华南东南沿海地区岩石圈电性结构

为了研究华南东南沿海地区的壳幔电性结构及其动力学背景,布设了4条大地电磁测深剖面,获得了相应的二维地电模型,并结合相关地质和地球化学信息对地电模型进行了研究。结果表明:研究区西部地壳由于碰撞汇聚作用变厚,东部地壳由于太平洋板块的俯冲作用剧烈减薄。华南东南沿海地区的岩石圈并不是简单的呈现"西厚东薄"的特征,研究区东西两端岩石圈厚度超过100km,推测西段岩石圈增厚主要形成于陆内挤压造山或陆内碰撞汇聚造山作用,而东端岩石圈增厚可能由于大洋板块俯冲时洋壳残留物叠置在岩石圈的下部所形成,而中部岩石圈的减薄与软流圈物质上侵有关,造成此区域大规模软流圈物质上侵的动力来自于太平洋板块俯冲产生的深部热扰动。     

Sedimentology,structure and age estimate of five continental slope submarine landslides,eastern Australia

Sedimentological and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) ¹⁴C data provide estimates of the structure and age of five submarine landslides (～0.4–3 km³) present on eastern Australia's continental slope between Noosa Heads and Yamba. Dating of the post-slide conformably deposited sediment indicates sediment accumulation rates between 0.017 m ka^–1 and 0.2 m ka^–1, which is consistent with previous estimates reported for this area. Boundary surfaces were identified in five continental slope cores at depths of 0.8 to 2.2 m below the present-day seafloor. Boundary surfaces present as a sharp colour-change across the surface, discernible but small increases in sediment stiffness, a slight increase in sediment bulk density of 0.1 g cm^–3, and distinct gaps in AMS ¹⁴C ages of at least 25 ka. Boundary surfaces are interpreted to represent a slide plane detachment surface but are not necessarily the only ones or even the major ones. Sub-bottom profiler records indicate that: (1) the youngest identifiable sediment reflectors upslope from three submarine landslides terminate on and are truncated by slide rupture surfaces; (2) there is no obvious evidence for a post-slide sediment layer draped over, or burying, slide ruptures or exposed slide detachment surfaces; and (3) the boundary surfaces identified within the cores are unlikely to be near-surface slide surfaces within an overall larger en masse dislocation. These findings suggest that these submarine landslides are geologically recent (<25 ka), and that the boundary surfaces are either: (a) an erosional features that developed after the landslide, in which case the boundary surface age provides a minimum age for the landslide; or (b) detachment surfaces from which slabs of near-surface sediment were removed during landsliding, in which case the age of the sediment above the boundary surface indicates the approximate age of landsliding. While an earthquake-triggering mechanism is favoured for the initiation of submarine landslides on the eastern Australian margin, further evidence is required to confirm this interpretation.     

黔东南那哥铜铅多金属矿床的矿化时空结构

黔东南那哥铜铅多金属矿床位于扬子陆块与华夏陆块的过渡带上,该区经历了自四堡期以来的多期构造活动,岩浆活动频繁,变形-变质强烈,构造形迹复杂;通过深入剖析矿床地质特征,结合区域地质演化史,从铜铅矿化的时空结构分析入手,系统研究了矿体空间定位规律。研究结果表明,在时间结构上,成矿与重大地质事件关系密切,具有多阶段成矿的特点;在空间结构上,矿体主要受控于尾硐溪断裂,赋存于断裂带走向上的弧形转弯处、断裂面的凹凸变化部位,矿体具膨大狭缩、尖灭再现特点,在空间上具有向W侧伏的趋势。     

滇东南丘北县大铁铝土矿床微量元素特征与成矿环境

大铁铝土矿床是近年来在滇东南地区新发现的大型铝土矿床,普遍伴生Fe,Ti,Ga,为低铝高铁高钛铝土矿床。文章通过ICP-MS分析测试,研究了大铁铝土矿含铝岩系微量元素的特征及成矿作用。大铁铝土矿含铝岩系Be含量(2.66×10-6)较低、Th/U值(4.83)中等、Ti含量(33 702×10~(-6))高、LREE/HREE(10.52)中等、δ(Ce)(1.55)高,说明其成矿物质来源于风化壳,后又经历了沉积作用的改造;Ga含量(29.63×10-6)高、Sr/Ba值(11.51)高、Sr含量(70×10-6)低、Ba含量(518×10~(-6))高、V/Zr值(0.97)较高、Li含量(163×10~(-6))高,总体上显示出海相沉积特征,部分样品显示出陆相沉积特征,这也预示着其成矿物来源于风化壳,局部沉积作用改造不明显,亦显示出近源沉积的特征。研究结果表明,大铁铝土矿床含铝岩系成矿物质来源于风化壳,残积作用明显,沉积作用起到对铝土矿改造和再沉积作用;大铁铝土矿床形成于海相环境,海水对成矿物质的改造不充分,部分微量元素显示出陆相沉积的特征。     

滇东南洒西白钨矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及其成因指示意义

洒西白钨矿床位于滇东南老君山矿集区内,呈层状、似层状产出。矿区围岩为一套中深变质岩,其稀土元素组成特征为:矿区围岩LREE/HREE比值为4.37~6.87,δEu为0.67~1.49,δCe值为0.62~0.98;外围混合片麻岩LREE/HREE比值为4.51~5.58,δEu平均为0.14。矿石Eu正异常与Ce负异常同时存在说明矿石沉淀时相对高温的热水流体和较低温的海水在海底发生了对流混合,部分样品中Eu负异常的形成可能与后期岩浆热液叠加改造作用有关。结合矿床地质特征,洒西白钨矿床成因为喷流沉积-后期岩浆热液改造型。     

金坝金矿床地质特征

金坝超微粒型金矿床有30多个矿体,划分6个矿带.矿带NE向展布,带长350~2000m.矿体呈透镜状、似层状、串珠状产出.者桑复背斜控制矿化带的分布,断裂构造为含矿热液提供运移通道,次级构造控制矿体具体储存部位及矿体的形态产状.赋矿层位以上二叠统为主(含5个矿带),还有下中三叠统.容矿岩石有泥质粉砂岩、粉砂岩、粉砂质凝灰岩、凝灰岩、泥质白云岩、细碧岩、辉绿岩脉等.矿化类型:地层岩石破碎带蚀变岩型、脉岩破碎蚀变岩型以及石英脉型.围岩蚀变有黄铁矿化、毒砂化、硅化、碳酸盐化等.矿石类型按自然分类为氧化矿石和原生矿石;按岩石类型划分为凝灰岩类矿石,粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩类矿石,泥质白云岩矿石,辉绿岩矿石以及细碧岩矿石.矿石含金品位0.5×10-6~15.9×10-6.原生矿石金属矿物有黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿;氧化矿石金属矿物有褐铁矿、臭葱石等;而脉石矿物主要取决于各自的容矿岩石.矿石的化学组成:SiO2比原岩低,(Fe2O3+FeO)高于原岩,富K贫Na.微量元素Au、Ag、As、Sb、Cu高于原岩.矿石为泥质结构、细碎屑结构、凝灰结构、辉绿结构、粒状结晶结构、环边环带结构;碎裂构造、角砾构造、浸染状构造、结核状蜂窝状构造等.金以微包体金的形式赋存于褐铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿中.     

湘东南水口地区水系沉积物地球化学特征及找矿预测

利用1∶5万水口幅水系沉积物测量成果,分析研究湘东南水口地区水系沉积物地球化学特征。利用DGSInfo软件对元素分布、单元素异常、元素相关性、异常元素组合等特征进行分析研究,认为W、Sn、Bi、Cu、Ag为区内的主要成矿元素,共圈出15处地球化学综合异常。结合综合异常所处的成矿地质条件进行综合分析,划分为下湾毒砂金锑找矿远景区、联坑—渣村钨钼铜铅锌多金属找矿远景区、曾子坳—鹰咀岩—田心钨锡铜多金属找矿远景区。通过对远景区内的综合异常查证,在下湾AS1综合异常区、联坑AS3综合异常区、曾子坳AS6综合异常区均找到了与异常相关的矿化信息。结果表明,水系沉积物地球化学测量在该区具有较好的找矿效果,为研究区下一步的找矿工作指明了方向。     

Types,features, and prospecting potential for Mesozoic metal ore deposits in Zhejiang Province,southeast China

The geotectonic units of Zhejiang Province include the Yangtze Plate in the northwest juxtaposed against the South China fold system in the southeast along the Jiangshan–Shaoxing fault. The South China fold system is further divided into the Chencai–Suichang uplift belt and the Wenzhou–Linhai geotectogene belt, whose boundary is the Yuyao–Lishui fault. The corresponding metallogenic belts are the Mo–Au(–Pb–Zn–Cu) metallogenic belt in northwest Zhejiang, the Chencai–Suichang Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo metallogenic belt, and the coastal Ag–Pb–Zn–Mo–Au metallogenic belt. The main Mesozoic metal ore deposits include epithermal Au–Ag(Ag), hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn(Cu), and porphyry–skarn-type Mo and vein-type Mo deposits. These ore bodies are related to the Mesozoic volcanic-intrusive structure: the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits are represented by the Zhilingtou Au–Ag deposit and Houan Ag deposit and their veins are controlled by volcanic structure; the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits are represented by the Dalingkou Ag–Pb–Zn deposit and also controlled by volcanic structure; and the porphyry–skarn-type Mo deposits are represented by the Tongcun Mo deposit and the vein-type Mo deposits are represented by the Shipingchuan Mo deposit, all of which are related to granite porphyries. These metal ore deposits have close spatio-temporal relationships with each other; both the epithermal Au–Ag(Ag) deposits and the hydrothermal vein-type Ag–Pb–Zn deposits exhibit vertical zonations of the metallic elements and form a Mo–Pb–Zn–Au–Ag metallogenetic system. These Jurassic–Cretaceous deposits may be products of tectonic-volcanic-intrusive magmatic activities during the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate. Favourable metallogenetic conditions and breakthroughs in the recent prospecting show that there is great resource potential for porphyry-type deposits (Mo, Cu) in Zhejiang Province.     

北京市东南郊不同灌区表层土壤中PAHs来源解析

采用正三角形布点法在北京市东南郊污灌区、再生水灌区、清灌区分别进行了3个表土的样品采集,采样间隔为1 m,共采集9个样品,分别测试了样品中16种多环芳烃的质量分数。测试结果表明：大部分PAHs在3个灌区表土中均有检出,污灌区除了蒽和苯并[a]蒽外,其余均有检出;再生水灌区除二氢苊和苯并[a]蒽外,其余均有检出;清灌区16种PAHs均有检出。其中,污灌区的Σ_PAHs大约为730 μg/kg,再生水灌区Σ_PAHs大约为207 μg/kg,清灌区PAHs大约为43 μg/kg。分别利用比值法、聚类分析法和主成分分析法对研究区土壤中PAHs的可能来源进行解析,通过比值法和聚类分析法可以得出：污灌区表土PAHs污染主要来源于石油源,而再生水灌区和清灌区的PAHs主要来源于燃烧源。由主成分分析法可以定量地计算出各个污染源对PAHs的贡献率：在污灌区采样点,燃烧源/汽车尾气和焦炭源/石油源的贡献率分别为30％和70％;在再生水灌区,PAHs的主要来源为煤的燃烧、汽车尾气的排放和部分石油源的输入,贡献率分别为83.2％和16.8％;在清灌区,PAHs的主要来源为煤的燃烧和汽车尾气的排放,贡献率分别为83.6％和16.4％。     

黔东南石英脉型金矿床中铁白云石流体包裹体研究

铁白云石是黔东南石英脉型金矿主成矿阶段的主要脉石矿物之一,与金的矿化关系十分密切,在金的运移、沉淀等方面起着重要作用,其流体包裹体特征可以反映成矿流体性质.通过对铁白云石开展系统的流体包裹体岩相学观察、均一法测温和冰点测定,计算出包裹体盐度和密度等数据.结果表明:铁白云石包裹体较为发育,以含CO2的包裹体为主;均一温度集中在240~300℃范围内,平均均一温度为267.21℃;成矿流体的盐度为7.31%~21.40%(NaCl),平均为15.31%(NaCl);成矿流体的密度介于0.72~0.97 g/cm3之间,平均为0.89 g/cm3.认为黔东南石英脉型金矿床属于低盐度、高密度的中温热液矿床.