长江口外海域沉积物中有机物的来源及分布

通过分析长江口外海域不同区域有机碳和氮的分布特征及其影响因素,了解了底部沉 积物中有机碳和氮同位素的生物地球化学特征,探讨二者对长江口外海域底部沉积物中有机 物来源的指示意义。运用质量混合模型,计算了长江输入的陆源有机物的贡献及其空间变化。结果表明,长江口外海域沉积物中TOC 和TN 的分布和东海陆架的环流体系有着密切关系, 与环流的分布相对应,如果大致沿31^oN 和123^oE 作为分界线, 整个研究区的TOC 和TN 的分布可划分为4 个具有不同分布特征的区域。TOC、TN、δ¹³C 和δ¹⁵N 分别与沉积物的平均粒 径呈线性相关关系,因此,粒度效应是控制长江口外海域沉积物中有机物分布和稳定同位素 碳、氮的一个重要因素。研究区内的C/N 比值能够在一定程度上体现有机物的来源信息,但δ¹⁵N 表现出了与C/N 和δ¹³C 不同的区域分布和变化特征。陆源有机物来源比重较高的区域与 长江口外海域赤潮突发频率最高的地区相对应。长江口附近沉积物中的陆源有机物来源最高, 超过了50%,且等值线呈舌状向东北方向凸出,表明了长江冲淡水的影响。陆源颗粒态有机物沉海底后,要不断经历早期成岩作用和生物作用,因此在在相同地点,陆源有机物对沉积物中有机物的贡献,要明显小于对悬浮颗粒态有机物的贡献。     

夏季珠江口水体中多环芳烃的分布、组成及来源

利用1999年7月对珠江口海域的调查资料,对该区表层海水中优控多环芳烃的分布、组成及来源进行了分析和讨论,结果表明:(1)夏季珠江口海域表层海水中14种溶解态多环芳烃[苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、艹屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)艹北、茚并(1,2,3-cd)艹比]的质量浓度为63.8~171.7 ng/L,且沿着冲淡水流向呈降低趋势;(2)颗粒态中15种多环芳烃[萘、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并(a)蒽、艹屈、苯并(b)荧蒽、苯并(k)荧蒽、苯并(a)芘、二苯并(a,h)蒽、苯并(g,h,i)艹北、茚并(1,2,3-cd)艹比]的质量浓度为60.7~186.7 ng/L,其分布与水体载沙量及悬浮颗粒物的性质、粒径有关,具有从河口内向外海降低的分布特征;(3)多环芳烃组成和特征参数比值的分析表明,珠江口海域高温裂解来源的多环芳烃在伶仃洋海区输入最多,且主要为人类活动中煤燃烧排放的,而在香港岛周围海区的输入则相对较少,且主要为油燃烧排放的;(4)与法国塞纳河及长江口等河口相比,珠江三角洲海域水体中存在高菲含量排放源。     

胶州湾潮间带沉积物主要污染来源及分布特征

系统地在胶州湾潮间带获取表层沉积物样品,对沉积物中有机污染物(有机质、石油类),重金属(Hg,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,As)及硫化物进行了定量测定;对潮间带中各物质的主要污染来源和空间分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:胶州湾潮间带沉积物中主要污染分别来源于工业排污和生活污水的排放,交通污染的降水、降尘等。调查区重金属对该海域的生态危害程度从大到小为HgAsCuCdPbCrZn,与其他海域相比较,胶州湾潮间带中Hg和Cu的污染尤为突出。     

山西长治辛安泉域岩溶水硫酸盐污染来源分析

辛安泉域核心区域工农业相对发达,人类活动强烈,逐渐出现岩溶地下水位下降、泉流量减小和水质污染等水环境问题。硫酸盐污染是泉域岩溶水的主要污染物之一,通过科学手段进行污染来源分析和识别,可为泉域保护提供决策依据。硫氧同位素是地下水领域应用较广的一种环境同位素方法,不仅技术成熟且识别精度高。本次研究将硫氧同位素方法与水化学方法结合,在辛安泉域采取岩溶泉水、岩溶地下水、孔隙水、裂隙水和河水五类水样,测试硫同位素δ34S、氧同位素δ18O和硫酸根离子SO42-含量,以分析辛安泉域岩溶水硫酸盐污染来源。结果显示,辛安泉域岩溶水水质的硫酸盐大部分符合地下水III类标准,硫酸盐含量较高的区域主要集中在西部滞流缓流区与襄垣和长治子系统的分界处、长治子系统和平顺-壶关子系统南部等地区。西部滞流缓流区硫酸盐主要来源于石膏、硬石膏的溶蚀,人类活动影响较小。泉域南部岩溶水中硫酸盐主要来源是煤矿开采的影响,大气沉降也是重要来源之一。     

A RESTUDY OF THE SEISMOGENIC FAULTS OF THE 2014 LUDIAN MS6.5 EARTHQUAKE SEQUENCE

Differently from the existing studies, about 210 days of the original seismic recordings since the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake are collected from almost all of the nearby stations, and a velocity model and a non-linear location technique are specially selected, in order to relocate the sources of the earthquake sequences. What is more, the same model as used in determining the absolute locations is adopted as the DD technique is used to determine their relative locations. Then the strikes and dips of the seismogenic faults are estimated by linearly fitting the source locations, and finally a new explanation is proposed for the sequence formation. It is shown that the sequence may be divided into 4 sub-areas spatially, each of which corresponds to a nearly vertical fault with but different dimensions and striking azimuths, and that two of them are relatively larger and linked with each other, being the main faults of the sequence, and two others are relatively smaller and separated away from the main faults. These 4 faults, together with the local existing faults, form a radiating-shaped structure reflecting the complicated tectonics, which is very likely to be related with the density variation in lower crust.     

Ionic and stable isotope chemistry as indicators of water sources to the Upper Mendoza River basin,Central Andes of Argentina

The Mendoza River is mainly dependent on the melting of snow and ice in the Upper Andes. Since predicted changes in climate would modify snow accumulation and glacial melting, it is important to understand the relative contributions of various water sources to river discharge. The two main mountain ranges in the basin, Cordillera Principal and Cordillera Frontal, present differences in geology and receive differing proportions of precipitation from Atlantic and Pacific moisture sources. We propose that differences in the origin of precipitation, geology and sediment contact times across the basin generate ionic and stable isotopic signatures in the water, allowing the differentiation of water sources. Waters from the Cordillera Principal had higher salinity and were more isotopically depleted than those from the Cordillera Frontal. Stable isotope composition and salinity differed among different water sources. The chemical temporal evolution of rivers and streams indicated changes in the relative contributions of different sources, pointing to the importance of glacier melting and groundwater in the river discharge.     

太湖椭圆萝卜螺的食物来源分析

椭圆萝卜螺（Radix swinhoei）是太湖常见螺类,能牧食附着生物与多种水生植物。对植食性螺类而言,食物的主要来源究竟是水生植物还是附着生物尚存在争议。以来自太湖的苦草、轮叶黑藻、附着生物及混合食物（苦草＋轮叶黑藻＋附着生物）作为椭圆萝卜螺的四组食物,通过两个月的室内养殖实验,根据椭圆萝卜螺的生长指标来分析其主要食物来源。结果表明：以苦草、轮叶黑藻为食物时,椭圆萝卜螺的成活率（成螺）、特定生长率（幼螺与成螺）均显著低于附着生物、混合食物,食物种类对幼螺成活率的影响则不显著。另外,食物种类对幼螺壳长的增长有显著影响,在牧食两种水生植物后,幼螺平均每天壳长增长在0.01-0.02mm之间,而牧食附着生物与混合食物后每天增长0.05mm以上。分析认为,椭圆萝卜螺尽管牧食水生植物,但附着生物仍是其主要的食物来源,并对其原因进行了初步探讨。     

Spatial variability of ocean fertilizing nutrients in the dust‐emitting ephemeral river catchments of Namibia

Research into global hot spots of dust emission has focused on exposed fine‐grained sediments in palaeo‐ or ephemeral dryland lake basins including Etosha (Namibia) and Makgadikgadi (Botswana) in southern Africa. Namibia's western ephemeral river valleys are also known to produce dust but have remained largely overlooked as a regionally significant source. Nutrient enrichment of valley sediments and proximity to the South Atlantic suggests aeolian dust could play an important role in ocean fertilization. The fertility of valley dust is dependent on fluvial sediments originating in the upper catchments on the Southern African Central Plateau. In this study we investigate climate, geology, vegetation and land use variability and how these may influence the nitrogen, phosphorus and iron availability in the catchments. We intensely sampled the Huab, Kuiseb and Tsauchab river systems to map the spatial distribution of nutrients from upper catchments to river termini. Samples were analysed for the bioavailable fractions of iron, nitrogen and phosphorus as well as total nitrogen and phosphorus. Results show that the lower valley reaches are sources of aeolian dust enriched in nutrients. Nitrogen levels correlate with precipitation and vegetation levels and phosphorus levels with geology. However, differences in upper catchment sediment nutrient levels were not representative of downstream nutrient differences between valleys. Rather, it is the hydrological and geomorphological processes of the ephemeral river systems that are key for producing the enriched sediments in the lower reaches. We demonstrate that the ephemeral river valleys of western Namibia are an extensive and enriched source of mineral dust that could play a critical role in marine productivity of the southern Atlantic. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

张量CSAMT有效观测区域模拟对比分析

根据标量CSAMT、垂直双偶极源CSAMT、三偶极源CSAMT等多分量响应式设计程序,通过数值模拟给出其十字型场源的X方向和Y方向电偶极子电磁场各分量的场值分布图,发现十字型观测区域中存在着分布零散且较广的弱区,有效观测区域较小,且对地形条件要求苛刻,不利于在山区等地形起伏复杂地区施工.在旋转三偶极装置的原理基础上提出了多偶极子源矢量合成测量方式,相比较十字型场源的施工方式而言,通过矢量合成多组的电偶极子,有利于实现全区无弱区观测,同时场源铺设简便对各种地形有着较强的适用性.研究结果为张量可控源进一步的测量工作提供技术依据.     

黄河中游汾河入黄口湿地水源组成与地表-地下水转化关系

水源动态补给和转化是影响湿地水文过程及其生态效应的重要机制,在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的战略背景下,开展沿黄湿地多水源组成分析及转化关系研究,是揭示干旱半干旱区水量转化及湿地生态系统演变机制的关键.本文根据山西省汾河入黄口湿地的水文节律变化特征,选择2019年旱季(5月)、主汛期(7月)和汛末(9月)作为典型时期,...