Geologic relationships and mineralization of peralkaline/alkaline granite-syenite of the Zargat Na''am ring complex, Southeastern Desert, Egypt

The Zargat Na'am ring complex crops out 90 km NW of Shalatin City in the Southeastern Desert of Egypt. The ring complex forms a prominent ridge standing high above the surrounding mafic-ultramafic hills. It is cut by two sets of joints and faults which strike predominantly NNW-SSE and E-W,and is injected by dikes, porphyritic alkaline syenites, and felsite porphyries. It consists of alkali syenites, alkali quartz syenites, and peralkaline arfvedsonite-bearing granitic and pegmatitic dikes and sills.The complex is characterized locally by extreme enrichments in REEs, wolframite and rare, high field strength metals (HFSM), such as Zr and Nb. The highest concentrations ( 1.5 wt% Zr, 0.25 wt% Nb,0.6 wt% ∑REEs) occur in aegirine-albite aplites that formed around arfvedsonite pegmatites. Quartzhosted melt inclusions in arfvedsonite granite and pegmatite provide unequivocal evidence that the peralkaline compositions and rare metal enrichments are primary magmatic features. Glass inclusions in quartz crystals also have high concentrations of incompatible trace elements including Nb (750 × 10-6), Zr (2500 × 10-6) and REEs (1450 × 10-6). The REEs, Nb and Zr compositions of the aegirine-albite aplites plot along the same linear enrichment trends as the melt inclusions, and Y/Ho ratios mostly display unfractionated, near-chondritic values. The chemical and textural features of the aegirine-albite aplites are apparently resultant from rapid crystallization after volatile loss from a residual peralkaline granitic melt similar in composition to the melt inclusions.     

我国地面沉降若干问题研究

摘要：地面沉降主要有（1）主要由过量开采地下水引起的和（2）在新构造活动构造沉降的基础上，由开采地下水、油气、地下热水形成的地面沉降两种类型。不仅不同的土层有不同的变形特点，在不同地点的同一层土也有不同的变形特点。同一地点同一层土在不同时期的变形特点也不尽相同。建立数学模型时要根据土层实际变形特点分别建立相应的模型，才能模拟出真实的地面沉降情况。解决耦合问题和垂向、水平向尺度不同带来的困难也是正确模拟必不可少的。     

Variability of Indian monsoon-ENSO relationship in a 1000-year MRI-CGCM2.2 simulation

There is a close relationship between interannual variability of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (drought conditions over India accompany warm ENSO events and vice versa). However, recent observations suggest a weakening of this ENSO-monsoon relationship that may be linked to global warming. We report here an analysis of the ENSO-monsoon relationship within the framework of a 1000-year control simulation of the MRI-coupled general circulation model (GCM), MRI-CGCM2.2. An overall correlation between the June-July-August (JJA) Nino3.4 sea surface temperature and the JJA Indian monsoon rainfall is –0.39, with reasonable circulation characteristics associated with the modeled ENSO. The simulated ENSO-monsoon relationship reveals long-term variations, from –0.71 to +0.07, in moving 31-year windows. This modulation in the ENSO-monsoon relationship is associated with decadal variability of the climate system.     

不整合分类研究进展与新型分类方案

总结了前人对不整合类型的划分工作和不整合形态特点,在此基础之上,根据不整合的成因机制和不整合形态的主控因素,提出了新型不整合分类方案,将不整合分为七个大类,包括削截不整合、褶曲不整合、底辟不整合、震积不整合、古岩溶不整合、超覆不整合和假整合,并进一步细分为13个亚类。新型的不整合分类考虑了震积作用研究等最新的地质学进展,吸收了许多有益成果,扩充了不整合类型,更加关注盆地的自身特点,通过剔除重复类型等方法,使不整合分类方案更加完备,具有较高的科学性和实用性。文中还以国内外有关油田为例分析了不整合类型基本特征。     

Structure-Reactivity Based Estimation of the Rate Constants for Hydroxyl Radical Reactions with Hydrocarbons

The reaction with the OH radical constitutes the singlemost important removal process for most organiccompounds found in the atmosphere. Efforts to measurethe OH radical rate constants of all troposphericconstituents remain incomplete due to the largevariety of primary emitted compounds and theirtropospheric degradation products.Based on the measured rate constants of 250molecules with the OH radical, a structure-activityrelationship (SAR) for OH reactions has beendeveloped. The molecules used in the dataset includemost classes of tropospheric compounds (includingalkanes, alkenes, and oxygenated hydrocarbons), withthe exception of aromatic and halogen-containingcompounds. Using a new parameterization of themolecular structure, the overall agreement betweenmeasured values and those estimated using the SARdeveloped in this study is usually very good, with10% of the molecules showing deviations larger than50%. In particular, the estimated rate constants ofethers and ketones are in better agreement withexperimental data than with previous SARs (Kwok andAtkinson, Atmos. Environ. 29, 1685–1695,1995). Rate constants of organic nitrates werenot well described by the SAR used in thisstudy. The basic assumption that the additive rateconstant for a chemical group is only influenced byneighbouring functional groups did not allow a goodparameterization for the rate constants of organicnitrates. The use of a second parameter to alter thereactivity of C-H bonds in -position to thefunctional group resulted in markedly better agreementbetween calculated and measured rate constants, butwas not extended due to the limited set of data. This indicates that strong electron withdrawing groups(e.g., nitrate groups) might influence the reactivityof C-H bonds that are not directly adjacent.     

新疆物候(候鸟)与气候因子关系分析

通过对新疆10个站4种候鸟物候及相应气候因子变化的关系分析,得出候鸟停留时间与同期日照时数及≥0℃的积温关系密切,并经过数理统计,得出用气候因子预测候鸟停留时间的数学模式,对预知一定生态环境中鸟类的迁徙具有一定指导意义。     

平面应变下原状黄土的剪切带研究

针对黄土地区工程建设中的平面应变问题,使用改进的西安理工大学真三轴仪进行了不同侧向固结压力、不同含水率下原状黄土的平面应变剪切试验,得出了剪切破坏时剪切带倾角试验值,根据应力-应变关系曲线求出了剪切带倾角的Mohr-Coulomb、Roscoe理论解,分析了相应控制因素下原状黄土强度、剪切带破坏模式与倾角的变化。结果表明：应力-应变曲线随含水率、侧向固结压力的增大从原生软化型向次生硬化型转变;剪切带破坏模式随侧向固结压力的增大依次呈现单一剪切带、锥型剪切带和X型剪切带;随着含水率的增大,黏聚力、内摩擦角减小导致Mohr-Coulomb剪切带倾角减小,剪胀作用增强导致Roscoe剪切带倾角增大;随侧向固结压力增大,动内摩擦角增大及剪胀作用增强,导致Mohr-Coulomb、Roscoe剪切带倾角增大。     

Optimization of the Rock Physical Model in Tight Sandstone Reservoir

Krief model, Nur model and Pride-Lee model are usually used to calculate dry rock modulus of sandstone reservoirs, but they are not effective for tight sandstone reservoirs. Based on Krief model and Nur model, and minimizing the difference between predicted P-wave or S-wave velocities and measured velocities, we acquireed lithologic index m in Krief model and critical porosity ?_c in Nur model by Gassmann relationship. The empirical parameters used in the models are expressed as the values changing with depth, so the accuracy of Krief and Nur models to estimate the P-wave and S-wave velocities was improved, and these two models are called as the variable parameter Krief model and the variable parameter Nur model. In addition, comparing with prediction accuracy of P-wave and S-wave velocities under different constraints, we can see that the shear modulus formulas in the three models are more accurate and more suitable in the tight sandstone reservoir. Han’s relationship about K_dry and u_dry is not affected by porosity, lithology and other factors, and the paper established dry rock model by Han’s relationship and any one of the above three models. The new dry rock model was applied in the Gassmann relationship to predict S-wave velocity of H8 tight sandstone reservoir in Sulige Gas Filed, Ordos Basin, which improved the accuracy of predicting S-wave velocity. At the same time, lithology index m in Krief model, critical porosity ?_c in Nur model and consolidation parameters c in Pride-Lee model which are corresponding to each sample can be obtained. The values of these parameters can reflect lithology difference, pore structure, compaction degree and other characteristics, which indicate the geological characteristics of the reservoir.