水对土质边坡的稳定性影响分析

首先论述了地下水对边坡稳定性的影响因素,水对土质边坡的影响作用,接着推导出了考虑水作用影响的边坡安全系数计算公式,最后指出应用动态的观点来研究边坡体内的地下水作用.     

Is the soil moisture precipitation feedback enhanced by heterogeneity and dry soils? A comparative study

The interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere is a crucial driver of atmospheric processes. Soil moisture and precipitation are key components in this feedback. Both variables are intertwined in a cycle, that is, the soil moisture – precipitation feedback for which involved processes and interactions are still discussed. In this study the soil moisture – precipitation feedback is compared for the sempiternal humid Ammer catchment in Southern Germany and for the semiarid to subhumid Sissili catchment in West Africa during the warm season, using precipitation datasets from the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), from the German Weather Service (REGNIE) and simulation datasets from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the hydrologically enhanced WRF-Hydro model. WRF and WRF-Hydro differ by their representation of terrestrial water flow. With this setup we want to investigate the strength, sign and variables involved in the soil moisture – precipitation feedback for these two regions. The normalized model spread between the two simulation results shows linkages between precipitation variability and diagnostic variables surface fluxes, moisture flux convergence above the surface and convective available potential energy in both study regions. The soil moisture – precipitation feedback is evaluated with a classification of soil moisture spatial heterogeneity based on the strength of the soil moisture gradients. This allows us to assess the impact of soil moisture anomalies on surface fluxes, moisture flux convergence, convective available potential energy and precipitation. In both regions the amount of precipitation generally increases with soil moisture spatial heterogeneity. For the Ammer region the soil moisture – precipitation feedback has a weak negative sign with more rain near drier patches while it has a positive signal for the Sissili region with more rain over wetter patches. At least for the observed moderate soil moisture values and the spatial scale of the Ammer region, the spatial variability of soil moisture is more important for surface-atmosphere interactions than the actual soil moisture content. Overall, we found that soil moisture heterogeneity can greatly affect the soil moisture – precipitation feedback.     

青藏高原春季土壤湿度异常与我国夏季降水的联系

利用 197-2014年 GLDAS-CLM(Global Land Data Assimilation System-the Community Land Mod-el)地表参量数据集、中国区域逐日观测资料格点化数据集(CN05.1)和ERA-nterim大气环流再分析数据,研究青藏高原5月(春季)土壤湿度的异常变化...     

Segmentation of soil roughness profiles

A robust and flexible algorithm to study spatial series like soil roughness profile has been introduced. It avoids using classic spectral analysis, considers the profile first and foremost as non-stationary and makes it possible to identify the separate domains inside the profile where chosen statistical parameters and roughness indexes have their own value. The method analyses a roughness profile considering it as an assemblage of several entities that may differ in terms of statistical properties and length, without establishing constraints as to number and extension. The method derives the variability of statistical and roughness properties along the profile and extracts the possible components - random and oriented - detectable inside the sample. Some examples of application illustrate the possibility offered by the method to study real roughness profiles recorded in the field by a portable laser microprofilometer. The procedure proposed allows the investigation of local roughness properties with varying degrees of accuracy and should be useful to monitor the differential evolution of roughness on patterned soil surface, increasing the overall information content. A general definition of ‘ordered roughness’ is introduced. The definition proposed seems more suited to current techniques for the numerical treatment of digital profiles and for the existing physical relationships between the scale of observation of roughness and the scale of the process investigated (hydraulic resistance, water storage in depressions). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用土的分形结构确定土的水份特征曲线

运用筛析法和比重计法，分析了宁夏膨胀土的颗粒分布，发现粒径介于0．002～0．1mm的粒度分布是分形的，分维介于2．46～2．67；运用上孔隙分布的分维确定水份特征曲线，得到了很好的结果。此外，还探讨了粒度分形分布的机制。     

宜宾市宋家地区土壤元素背景值研究及其意义

作者在表层土壤系统采样调查的基础上,计算出宋家地区土壤元素地球化学背景值,并通过与不同区域土壤元素地球化学背景值、基准值的对比研究,总结了该区土壤元素地球化学基本特征,为该区土壤资源、环境评价和农业经济发展规划提供了实用地球化学信息。     

隧道衬砌厚度不足的健康判据试验研究

针对目前隧道健康诊断指标判据不统一的现状,采用室内相似模型试验,结合实际工程实例,研究了隧道支护结构衬砌减薄状态下围岩与支护结构破坏规律与极限承载能力,得出了隧道支护结构在相应的受力状态下健康状态判据。结果表明：隧道衬砌支护结构的位移特征以拱肩的压入和拱顶的挤出为主,随着拱顶衬砌支护结构减薄量的增加,支护结构衬砌与围岩之间的接触应力逐渐减小,结构的承载能力逐渐下降,隧道拱顶部位的位移增加,其柔性逐渐增大,隧道拱顶内侧被压溃,外侧受到拉力作用而开裂,随后隧道拱腰和边墙出现裂纹,最后逐渐扩展贯通;隧道承载力曲线呈现明显的“S”型,据此可以划分为承载力缓慢退化阶段、快速退化阶段和退化完成阶段,相对应的阶段可以划分为隧道结构的健康等级与级别,为工程应用提供了参考依据     

基于块克里金的土壤水分点观测向像元尺度的尺度上推研究

土壤水分是陆面水文过程的一个重要分量,土壤水分的地面点观测与卫星观测的尺度是不匹配的,用点观测数据进行遥感反演结果的验证或者融合这两种观测都需要开展点观测数据向卫星像元尺度的尺度上推研究.土壤水分时空异质性的分析和描述是进行尺度上推的基础,地统计方法是描述连续随机变量空间结构的经典方法.应用块克里金法分别将黑河寒区遥感试验阿柔试验区2008年4月1日与L波段微波辐射计同步的地面液态含水量和含冰量点观测数据经过尺度转换,得到与遥感像元相匹配的像元平均估计值和标准差,可用于该天L波段微波辐射计土壤液态含水量和含冰量反演结果的真实性检验,估计结果充分利用了像元临近位置的观测,得到了比直接的采样平均更合理的块估计结果,对块克里金估计值与采样平均值进行比较,发现两种结果趋势是一致的,块克里金法提供了更为合理的块估计结果,土壤水分空间结构的时间变异、小尺度的土壤特性的变化和测量误差都会对估计结果带来一定的不确定性.     

高液限土路堤填筑的双指标控制方法研究

对于高液限土（包括改良的高液限土）填筑的路堤只用单一的压实度指标控制常常易导致质量隐患。通过试验研究提出一个采用空气率Va和压实度Dc双指标控制高液限土路堤填筑质量的方法,并给出了具体的控制标准。当压实度控制指标Dc≥93%时,高液限黏土和粉土空气率控制标准为4%≤Va≤8%,含砂高液限黏土和粉土空气率控制标准为6%≤Va≤13%。通过系统的试验研究,验证了双指标质量控制的可行性和有效性。研究结果表明,采用空气率和压实度双指标控制,不仅可以保证高液限土填筑路堤的强度和刚度,而且具有较好的水稳定性,为进一步充分利用高液限土作为路堤填料提供了技术支持。     

水平荷载下导管架平台桩基础的非线性有限元分析

导管架平台桩基础的控制荷载主要为风荷载、波浪荷载、地震荷载等水平荷载,为研究水平荷载下导管架平台桩基础的承载特性,采用非线性有限元分析方法对水平荷载下桩-土之间的相互作用进行研究,提出了有效模拟桩基水平承载特性的有限元模型,分析了模型桩的刚度、直径、土质参数中水平土压力系数、剪胀角对桩基承载特性的影响及水平荷载下群桩承载特性,并将有限元计算结果与API规范及模型试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明,非线性有限元分析方法分析水平荷载下桩-土相互作用是可行的,计算结果可为导管架平台的桩基设计提供参考。