进一步加快江西气象事业发展为江西经济社会又好又快发展做出新的贡献——在全省气象工作会议上的讲话

科学阐述了加快江西气象事业发展的重要意义,并就贯彻落实《国务院关于加快气象事业发展的若干意见》(国发〔2006〕3号)和《江西省人民政府关于加快气象事业发展的意见》(赣府发〔2006〕26号)文件精神作了重要指示。讲话指出,全省各级政府和有关部门都要按照国务院3号文件和省政府26号文件的要求,建立加快气象事业发展的长效机制,切实加强对气象工作的领导,支持气象部门加强综合服务能力建设,形成加快气象事业发展的合力。各级气象部门要切实加强自身建设,坚持“公共气象、安全气象、资源气象”的发展理念,找准气象服务经济建设的切入点,不断提高气象工作的总体水平,充分发挥气象在经济社会发展中的综合保障作用,从而为在新的起点上实现江西崛起的新跨越,为全省经济社会又好又快发展做出新的贡献。     

Using climate finance to advance climate justice: the politics and practice of channelling resources to the local level

Adaptation finance is primarily allocated to multilateral entities and national governments, rather than local organizations. This means that the social, political and economic processes that create and sustain inequalities within a country will be the same processes that determine how adaptation finance is used. Using an urban lens, we consider the obstacles currently faced by local governments and local civil society groups in accessing adaptation finance, and show that these are a function of systemic power imbalances between levels of government, and between government and vulnerable communities. We argue that even relatively small amounts of adaptation finance could have a catalytic effect on the capacities and impacts of local organizations, contributing to greater levels of both distributive and procedural justice. We analyse different financial intermediaries and planning systems that could be used to make disbursements from multilateral climate funds fairer and more effective. This could potentially create political opportunities both to respond to direct climate threats and to address underlying drivers of vulnerability, such as marginalization and exclusion. In this way, channelling adaptation finance to the local level could deliver more just processes and outcomes.

Key policy insights

1. More multilateral climate funds should establish direct access modalities, and introduce ‘fit-for-purpose’ accreditation procedures and approval processes. Those that have already established such enabling frameworks should prioritize providing readiness support to local organizations, and incentivize state and citizen collaboration in adaptation projects.

2. National governments should consider clearly enshrining the rights and responsibilities of local authorities in National Adaptation Plans, and help them to collect the information, build the capacities and acquire the resources needed to plan and implement adaptation measures. National governments should further encourage local authorities to adopt participatory planning, budgeting, monitoring and evaluation procedures to encourage citizen participation.

3. Local civil society groups should identify or establish collective entities that can seek accreditation with multilateral funds and then disburse money to their members. Collaboration between groups can facilitate up-scaling through replication (particularly where peer-to-peer learning is embedded in the network) and reduce the transaction costs associated with myriad small projects.

     

近代地图中的台湾景象及其变迁

近代地图是更加深入认识中国台湾经济社会的一种工具。分析1714年法国传教士冯秉正所绘制的底图、1891年《台湾地舆总图》、1904年《二万分一堡图》上的时空信息,又根据历史文献和原始数据,讨论中国台湾被整体纳入清朝版图后经济社会的变迁及其特征。研究表明：① 清前期,中国台湾处在经济社会发展的初始阶段;② 清晚期开埠通商后,中国台湾从传统走向近代,逐步迈入近代化阶段;③ 日本占据时,中国台湾经济社会的变迁与日本殖民统治的需要有着密切的关系。结论对于认识当时中国台湾经济社会的变迁以及为当今发展提供借鉴均有意义。