资源节约型社会的内涵及评价指标体系研究

构建一套科学系统的资源节约型社会评价指标体系对科学评估、有效指导资源节约型社 会建设具有重要意义。本文在对资源节约型社会充分理解的基础上, ( 1) 阐述了资源节约型社会 的概念及其内涵; ( 2) 构建了一套资源节约型社会评价指标体系( 即“543 体系”) , 该指标体系包 括5 种资源类别、4 个资源循环环节、3 个层次, 共70 个指标; ( 3) 提出了单指标量化、多指标合成 的评价框架。本文积极探索了资源节约型社会的内涵和评价指标体系的建立, 为评估资源节约型 社会奠定了理论基础, 具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。     

由政治文明到和谐社会

江泽民同志在2002年提出了建设社会主义政治文明的问题,胡锦涛同志于党的十六届四中全会上提出了构建“社会主义和谐社会”的问题。“政治文明”与“和谐社会”这两个概念的先后提出,都标志着中国共产党关于社会主义建设的认识进入全新境界。这两个概念之间在理论上是递进关系,在话语上,却是对传统的回归,是在充分尊重人的自由与权利基础上对社会的重新整合,因此获得了世人的普遍认同。     

From new political organizations to changing moral geographies: Unpacking global civil society

The discourse of globalization suggests that territorial and cultural boundaries are increasingly insignificant or even disappearing in today's `world of flows'. More recently, this notion of borderlessness has also suffused broad reaches of the imagination of policy-makers and social scientists in the Western world. Thus, the term `global civil society' was coined to capture the experience and impact of transnational environmental and human rights activism. In this paper, however, it is argued that the concept remains both undertheorized and empirically dubious. In order to analytically `unpack' the concept, I provide a brief summary of an empirical research project on networks of new political organizations in South Asia and the West. The evidence assembled suggests the need to reconceptualize the geographies of transborder solidarity and concern beyond the rhetoric of global civil society.     

论地理信息系统概念与内涵的演变

简要论述了GIS的基本概念以及几个与GIS相关的概念,并进一步讨论了GIS与组织和社会的关系:如空间数据基础设施、地理图书馆、地理计算、地理信息科学、OpenGIS规范、数字地球等,着重阐述了GIS的组织属性和社会属性,并进一步从第三世界GIS应用、技术传播的角度指出GIS面对的挑战。作者认为:(1)学者对于GIS的认识非常多元化,其概念与内涵也处于不断演化之中;(2)在信息社会,地理信息系统仍然是一个充满未知的、值得深入研究的领域,GIS研究仍面临科学的、实践的挑战;(3)超越技术,从更宽的视野观察和研究GIS,如从GIS与组织、GIS与社会、技术传播等角度研究GIS,对于中国和发展中国家的GIS事业既有学术价值,又具备实践意义;(4)考虑到组织和制度因素的重要性,有必要站在中国的社会背景中,重新审视地理信息的概念、内涵和其社会属性。     

From open access to co-governance and conservation: The case of women shellfish collectors in Galicia (Spain)

Improving governability is an important objective in many fisheries and coastal areas. However, it may be difficult to modify the factors influencing this. Specifically, enhancing the capacity of user groups and civil society to cope with the tasks involved in co-governance situations may constitute a challenge, although the advantages in factors such as legitimacy and adaptability to local situations may reward the efforts. This paper attempts to analyze the process of transformation of on-foot shellfish gathering in Galicia, an activity that has traditionally been developed mainly by women in a regime similar to an open access regime. However, in recent decades this situation has changed, and nowadays many areas where this activity flourishes are in a situation of active co-governance, with a type of license system. Shellfisher organizations plan and control the exploitation with the support of the government, even using seeding techniques to regenerate areas that were previously degraded. Over the last decade, they have avoided overexploitation and have managed the marketing of the shellfish much better than ever before. We emphasize in the article that the role of the administration in this process has been decisive, investing in training and improving the organizations and the social dimension of the activity through different strategies. The empowerment of women has been an essential element in this process, which has also enhanced social valuation of the activity. This case may exemplify the possibilities open for progress in potential co-governing situations.     

加快地理信息系统建设早日实现数字中国的信息化目标

人类社会已迈入知识经济、信息社会的新时代。人的社会活动所涉及的信息中８０％与地理空间信息有关。建立我国地理信息系统成为社会、经济发展的迫切需求。加快我国地理信息系统建设,实现中国的信息化目标问题是当前要认真研究解决的课题。     

馆陶县节水型社会建设的实践与探索

水资源紧缺及水环境污染已成为我国社会经济与城市建设可持续发展的重要制约因素。只有对有限的水资源进行合理配置,采取各种措施促进节水型社会的建设,才能为经济和社会发展提供有力的保障。从馆陶县面临的水资源紧缺形势和日趋严重的水环境问题出发,阐述了建设节水型社会的必要性,并针对馆陶县节水型社会建设现状和存在问题,从管理制度建设、深化和扩大节水试点建设、建立投融资长效机制、加强组织结构建设、水利信息化建设、加大宣传力度和提高公众参与程度等方面详细论述了馆陶县建设节水型社会的主要实践和探索,以期为本地和其他类似地方节水型社会建设提供一定的参考和借鉴。     

国外城市可持续发展研究

城市作为人类活动的主要场所,从某种意义上讲,只有城市走上可持续发展之路,才会有全球的可持续发展。文章综述了国外城市可持续发展研究的主要内容,包括内涵、资源、环境、经济、社会和形态,以及综合评价,阐述了其对中国城市可持续发展的借鉴。     

信息化测绘发展过程中需要探讨的几个问题

随着信息社会的到来,测绘也将进入信息化测绘阶段。在这个转型时期,政府测绘部门既拥有了顺应时代要求新的发展机遇,同时传统的测绘管理体制技术体系将面临重大挑战。本文通过分析信息化社会特点,探讨了目前政府测绘部门在向信息化测绘发展方面需要面对和解决的几个主要问题。