Hard and soft paths for climate change adaptation

Amory Lovins’ distinction between ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ paths of energy technologies is applied, mutatis mutandis, to humanity's efforts to adapt to climate change. It is argued that hard adaptive measures involve capital-intensive, large, complex, inflexible technology and infrastructure, whereas soft adaptive measures prioritize natural capital, community control, simplicity and appropriateness. The prevalence of these two types of adaptation pathways is illustrated through two case studies from the Maldives: The Safer Island Development Program and the Integrating Climate Change Risks Program. Policymakers must be aware that hard and soft adaptation measures may trade off with each other, and give both paths due consideration.     

数字社会下人类时空间行为的逻辑变化与研究展望

科技革命带来的数字化浪潮正在剧烈地改变城市经济、社会与空间系统,日常生活中也涌现出来越来越多的数字化行为。尽管以行为地理学和时间地理学为基础的时空间行为研究对这些新现象已经有较深入的研究,但仍然有较大潜力发展出新的框架与方法。论文在时空间行为研究制约的基础上,引入环境可供性以及动态交互等理论,从信息、主体及发生场景等维度分析了数字社会下时空间行为逻辑的重构过程,归纳了动态供给下的决策信息增强、他方为我背景下的主体增强以及行为发生的时空增强等机制。面向数字社会下人类时空间的变化,研究认为需要降低行为研究颗粒度,分析时空行为情境的动态性,探索支持时空间行为实现的场景设计,关注社会资源的时空间可获得性,提高数字社会下时空间行为的响应性。     

中国对外技术转移网络的空间演化及其影响因素

随着新一轮科技产业变革深入发展,全球专利转移活动日趋活跃。借助复杂网络分析和负二项式回归分析,探讨中国对外专利引进网络和专利输出网络的时空演化特征,研究发现（：1）中国与其他国家和地区之间的专利转移网络日益稠密,参与专利转移的国家或地区数量不断增加,且专利转移网络表现出明显的空间异质性。欧洲、北美和东亚形成的“三足鼎立”格局逐步取代了欧美长期主导中国对外技术交流的“两极”格局。（2）在对外技术转移网络中逐渐形成台湾省、香港特别行政区、中国内地三大核心枢纽。中国内地技术进步明显,逐渐成为网络最大的核心,其专利引进规模一直大于专利的输出规模,但专利输出的增长速度更快。台湾省一直以技术输出为主导;香港特别行政区则一直扮演着技术中介的作用,技术输出和引进较为均衡;而澳门特别行政区的作用并不明显。（3）从跨国专利转移规模的影响因素中发现,加大研发投入和高新技术产品出口可以缩小技术差距以促进专利转移,畅通的技术通道确保了专利转移的持续进行,国民经济水平也存在一定的积极影响,但地理邻近性的影响并不显著。     

网络伦理问题初探

信息时代到来 ,网络对人们的生活方式产生了深刻的影响。通过对网络社会、网络伦理的概念和现象的分析 ,尝试对当前存在的网络伦理危机和网络犯罪等问题进行初步的探讨。     

在建设和谐社会过程中提高党的执政能力

促进社会和谐既是我国发展的重要目标和必要条件，又是我党执政能力的具体体现。当前我国社会诸多不和谐因素的存在，对于执政的中国共产党来说既是挑战也是机遇。和谐社会的创建，客观上要求提高中国共产党的执政能力，而提高党的执政能力又是实现我国社会和谐的重要条件和根本政治保障。执政能力的高低要靠执政实践来检验。所以，能否建成和谐社会，直接关系到中国共产党执政的成败。和谐社会的建设不是一蹴而就的，这将是一个长期的过程，中国共产党执政能力和执政水平的提高也将是一个渐进的过程。     

From new political organizations to changing moral geographies: Unpacking global civil society

The discourse of globalization suggests that territorial and cultural boundaries are increasingly insignificant or even disappearing in today's `world of flows'. More recently, this notion of borderlessness has also suffused broad reaches of the imagination of policy-makers and social scientists in the Western world. Thus, the term `global civil society' was coined to capture the experience and impact of transnational environmental and human rights activism. In this paper, however, it is argued that the concept remains both undertheorized and empirically dubious. In order to analytically `unpack' the concept, I provide a brief summary of an empirical research project on networks of new political organizations in South Asia and the West. The evidence assembled suggests the need to reconceptualize the geographies of transborder solidarity and concern beyond the rhetoric of global civil society.     

STRUCTURATION THEORY AND ATTEMPTS AT INTEGRATION IN HUMAN GEOGRAPHY*

Integration in human geography is achieved through multidimensional research or by the study of a variety of aspects of a whole. Giddens's structuration theory provides a new theoretical framework for integrative study in human geography in its attempt to connect individuals and societies, context and composition, time and space. Integrative studies in geography have focused on space (regional geography), time (historical geography) and society (time-geography). Structurationist analysis in geography can put society, space, or society and space at its focus. Thrift's spatial structurationist theory may lead to a new theoretically-based regionalism. On the other hand, integration at one level or between several elements may entail disintegration, at another level or element respectively.     

Climate and global change in relation to sustainable development: The challenge to science

In the light of the current worldwide concern on climate and global change and the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992, the paper relates climate and global change to sustainable development. It emphasizes the importance of scientific research in the advancement of knowledge in the related areas. The role of science to socio-economic development is discussed in the context of the symbiotic relationship between science and society. In this connection, the four areas identified by the Rio Conference are discussed.     

Avtomobilshchina: Driven to the Brink in Moscow

Despite a major road construction program, the pace of traffic circulation in Moscow has slowed to less than half the average speed recorded for 1991. One problem is the rapid growth in the number of vehicles, but even more important, as shown in this study, are the cultural and political dimensions of driving and automobile ownership, or automobility. Currently, some specifically Russian driving practices exacerbate the situation. Yet there are many drivers who are eager to collaborate with City Hall in the effort to alleviate congestion. It is argued here that these driver-citizens are emerging publics, people who are creating a civil society without specifically meaning to do so. Mayor Luzhkov acknowledges public opinion, but persists in attempting to solve traffic and parking problems "from above" by constructing more facilities without inviting public participation in planning. These efforts appear unlikely to succeed as long as the public is excluded from mobility governance.