Post-earthquake investigation on several geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls and slopes during the Ji-Ji earthquake of Taiwan

This paper gives an overview on the application of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures in Taiwan. Taiwan has an unique topography and geotechnical conditions that rendered a less conservative and more challenging design compared to that of North America, Europe and Japan. The Ji-Ji (Chi-Chi) earthquake of 1999 gave an opportunity to examine the behavior of reinforced soil structures. The performance of several modular-block reinforced soil retaining walls and reinforced slopes at the vicinity of the fault was evaluated. Reinforced structures performed better than unreinforced soil retaining walls. The failure cases were highlighted and the cause of failure was identified. The lack of seismic design consideration could be a major cause of failure. The compound failure mode, the inertia force of the blocks, and the connection stiffness and strength relative to the large dynamic earth pressure, were among major items that would warrant further design consideration.     

Effectiveness of grass strips in trapping suspended sediments from runoff

Little information is available concerning the performance of grass strips for erosion control from steep cropland. An experiment was conducted on 5‐m‐long grass strips with slopes of 3°～15° that were subjected to silt laden runoff and simulated rainfall, to investigate the sediment trapping processes. The grass strips had three treatments including intact grass control (C), no litter (dead grass material covering the soil surface was removed) (NL), and no litter or leaves (only 2～3 cm grass stems and roots were reserved) (NLL). Generally the grass strips had a high effectiveness in trapping sediment from steep cropland runoff. Sediment trapping efficiency (STE) decreased with increasing slope gradient, and even for a 15° slope, STE was still more than 40%. Most sediment deposited in the backwater region before each grass strips. The removal of grass litter or/and leaves had no significant influence on STE. The sediment median size (D₅₀) in inflow was greater than that in outflow, and the difference (ΔD₅₀) decreased with increasing slope. A positive power relationship between STE and ΔD₅₀ can be obtained. Grass strips were more effective in trapping sediments coarser than 10 or 25 µm, but sediments finer than 1 µm were more readily removed from runoff than particles in the range of 2 to approximately 10 µm. Grass litter had less influence on flow velocity than leaves because the deposited sediment partially covered the litter layer. Mean flow velocity and its standard deviation were negatively correlated with STE, and they can help make good estimation of STE. Results from this study should be useful in planting and managing forage grass to effectively conserve soil loss by runoff from steep slopes on the Loess Plateau of China. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A large landslide event in a post‐glacial landscape: rethinking glacial legacy

Threlkeld Knotts (c. 500 m above sea level) in the English Lake District has hitherto been considered to be a glacially‐modified intrusion of microgranite. However, its surface features are incompatible with glacial modification; neither can these nor the subsurface structures revealed by ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) be explained by post‐glacial subaerial processes acting on a glacially‐modified microgranite intrusion. Here we re‐interpret Threlkeld Knotts as a very large post‐glacial landslide involving the microgranite, with an estimated volume of about 4 × 10⁷ m³. This interpretation is tested against published and recent information on the geology of the site, the glacial geomorphic history of the area and newly‐acquired GPR data. More than 60 large post‐Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) rock–slope failures have significantly modified the glaciated landscape of the Lake District; this is one of the largest. Recognition of this major landslide deposit in such a well‐studied environment highlights the need to continuously re‐examine landscapes in the light of increasing knowledge of geomorphic processes and with available technology in currently active or de‐glaciating environments. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

秸秆地质聚合物复合材料保温性及耐高温性能研究

为弥补传统秸秆建筑材料在抗压强度、防火性能、保温能力等方面的不足,本实验将秸秆掺入地质聚合物中合成一种新型复合保温建筑材料,研究了不同秸秆含量对材料保温性能的影响,并考察了材料的耐高温性能。结果表明:秸秆地质聚合物具有良好的保温性能,秸秆掺量由1%增至6%时,材料的导热系数由0.0981 W/m·K减至0.0692 W/m·K。秸秆掺入量为4%时,抗压强度为32.78 MPa。耐高温实验结果显示,当煅烧温度低于250℃时,地质聚合物对秸秆具有一定的保护作用。当材料在600℃温度下煅烧120 min后,其抗压强度依然达到35.94MPa。温度在800℃以内材料具有稳定的矿物组成,热稳定性良好。     

High resolution UAV image acquisition method and modeling practice for geological outcrop with a large slope

The observation on the outcrop in the field is one of the most direct and efficient methods to obtain the underground formation information, which provides the most direct first-hand geological data for geological science research. However, the traditional outcrop investigation, especially for the outcrop with a large slope and unreachable area, mainly relies on the inspection, measurement of the slope bottom, and photos to record outcrop information, making it difficult to accurately characterize the whole geological body. Consumer unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) with the advantages of good mobility, strong adaptability and low cost, can obtain outcrop images from a short distance, multiple perspectives and varying heights. In this paper, the image acquisition method and model construction accuracy without control points available for the geological outcrop with a large slope are discussed. Consumer UAVs is used to capture images through vertical route and then the geological model is set up. The results show that oblique photogrammetry technology combined with consumer UAVs can effectively build a large slope geological outcrop model with millimeter resolution. The model has the characteristics of high resolution, uniform resolution and high measurement accuracy up to millimeter, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of field investigation and the personnel safety risk, thus it accurately reproduces the outcrop situation with large slope in the field, providing a real and reliable data basis for the section interpretation, analysis and measurement of large slope outcrop.     

抗拔桩设计方法

当地下水位较高时,地下车库等附属建筑物不得不对抗浮问题进行考虑,抗拔桩被越来越多的应用于工程中。依据工程实例对抗拔桩设计荷载条件、抗浮桩单桩承载力设计、抗浮桩桩身结构设计、群桩地基整体稳定性、单位面积抗浮力、抗拔桩抗裂分别进行了阐述,以及抗拔桩设计中应考虑的问题进行了论述。     

活树桩固坡对边坡稳定性影响的数值分析

作为一种经济、环保的植物固坡方法,活树桩在发达国家得到了较为广泛的应用.笔者介绍了活树桩固坡方法的应用和施工方法,讨论了其加固机理.采用弹塑性有限元分析活树桩固坡对边坡稳定性的影响,研究了活树桩的入土长度、加固位置、数量、角度及其根系发展等因素对边坡安全系数影响的规律.     

植物加固路堤边坡浅层土体分析及工程应用

在总结植物加固黄土路堤边坡浅层土体的机理之后,结合宝中铁路实际工程,对紫穗槐和柠条两种植物的加固效果进行了详细的分析。     

混凝土重力坝多折面建基面稳定安全分析

研究了重力坝多折面建基面的稳定评价问题,指出现行规范建议公式无法完整计算三维情况下的多折面建基面稳定安全性。为此,在对规范建议的结构极限承载能力验算表达式进行改进和探讨的基础上,采用分项系数对材料参数和作用进行配套处理,导出了基于有限元计算结果的极限平衡准安全系数计算表达式,同时采用强度储备系数法揭示坝体建基面破坏模式和稳定安全度。以极限平衡准安全系数法和强度储备系数法的联合应用构成定值安全度的综合评价体系。工程算例的结果表明,这两种方法判断准则简单适用并相互补充印证,能够较好评价多折面建基面的稳定安全性     

水泥粘结剂基材边坡绿化技术研究——现场试验研究

通过现场工程试验研究,进一步论证了水泥粘结基材替代化学粘结基材的岩质边坡绿化技术的可行性;同时提出了岩质边坡工程绿化应按"循序渐进"来进行植被恢复的理念.