路堑边坡平面滑动演化过程及远程滑动机制的模拟与分析

永宁高速公路K117滑坡路段原为在泥质粉砂岩单斜地层内开挖2级形成的路堑边坡,开挖后产生典型平面滑动,在中部滑床形成长约25m的滑动槽,产生最远达35m的远程滑距,其成因机制复杂。本文在对滑坡基本特征及孕育过程开展详细调查研究的基础上,采用节理有限单元法对该滑坡经路堑开挖导致高位坍滑、刷方变更后触发高速远程滑塌、滑塌后壁残留滑体牵引松动,以及对其实施卸载、支挡回填及锚固的治理过程开展数值模拟,再现了该滑坡孕育发展全过程及其稳定性演化规律;分析了该边坡破坏的平面滑动机构及滑动面的物理力学特征,论述了该类滑坡启动高速远程滑动的开挖松弛致滑机理和裂隙充水致滑机理,最后提出了预测及治理该类滑坡的6点建议。研究表明,在单斜地层开挖路堑,使顺倾向软弱结构面临空暴露时,可能诱发边坡整体卸荷松弛,产生较大的不平衡滑坡推力,而卸荷松动产生的张裂隙导致滑坡对降雨入渗十分敏感,不平衡力和裂隙水压力的共同作用可迅速剪断滑面,伴随势能向动能的转化,产生高速远程滑动。     

三峡库区典型滑坡地质与地球物理电性特征

滑坡属于地质灾害中的重要灾种之一,查明滑坡区的地质与地球物理特征,对分析滑坡形成机制、评价滑坡稳定性具有重要意义。鉴于此,本文将高密度电法引入三峡库区腹地万州区滑坡地质调查中,在区内四方碑滑坡、塘角1号滑坡和麻柳林滑坡进行地球物理探测工作,并结合钻孔资料对实测结果进行对比验证。实测结果表明：在地形复杂地区开展地球物理探测工作,通过数据反演与分析,可获取滑坡体地层结构及滑移面;结合相关地质资料,通过对比解译,可弥补单纯依靠钻孔信息来确定滑移面形态的不足;3个典型滑坡区地球物理实测资料揭露滑坡体和滑床地球物理电性特征表现为,由崩坡积物、第四系粉质黏土以及含水碎石块组成的滑坡体电阻率低于40 Ω·m,而由砂岩与泥岩组成的滑床电阻率高于40 Ω·m,高密度电法对基岩滑坡和土质滑坡都能获取较好的结果。     

四川省盐源玻璃村特大型玄武岩古滑坡复活机制

受前期14 d持续累计350.6 mm降雨影响,2018年7月19日盐源玻璃村一巨型玄武岩古滑坡体发生大规模复活,复活体积为1 390×104 m3,损坏房屋186间,造成重大经济损失。基于现场调查、无人机航测、钻探揭露、物理力学试验及数值模拟分析,在查明滑坡体地质结构、失稳特征基础上,对其影响因素及复活机制进行了探讨。研究结果表明,破碎岩土体及地形地貌是滑坡复活的孕灾基础,持续降雨及其引起的地下水位升高是滑坡复活的诱发因素。复活滑坡可分为主滑区和侧滑区两种破坏模式不同的区域。降雨作用下滑坡体内渗流场明显变化,孔隙水压力增大,导致7月13日古滑坡体开始发生变形,稳定性系数逐渐降低。受微地貌约束,主滑区具有多级、多次失稳,渐进破坏的特点。侧滑区斜坡前缘临空条件受坡脚主滑坡控制,在主滑坡运动过程中,侧滑区坡体位移量、最大剪切应变增量逐渐增大,塑性区扩展,破坏过程表现出与主滑坡一定的关联性和滞后性。分析表明,受地下水长期影响,滑带土体强度逐渐削弱,降雨导致坡体渗流作用加剧,抗剪强度降低,从而诱发滑坡复活。     

Debris flow initiation and sediment recharge in gullies

Landslides that enter gullied low-order drainages can either initiate debris flow or stop, depositing sediment in the channel. This process is one of the most common ways that debris flows initiate, but little attention to date has been paid to evaluating the factors that affect whether or not the initial landslide will become a debris flow or deposit sediment in the channel. Statistically significant parameters that determine whether slope failures become debris flows or act to recharge in-channel sediment are channel gradient, angle of entry of failure into the channel, initial failure volume, and the amount of in-channel stored sediment. Steeper channels, low angles of entry, lower volumes of in-channel sediment, and larger initial failures were more likely to result in debris flows. This study found that as the volume of in-channel stored sediment increased, the volume of initial failure required to initiate a debris flow also increased. This result calls into question the simple supply-limited model of cyclical debris recharge and debris flow in low-order gullied drainages and suggests a negative feedback mechanism between debris accumulation and debris flow susceptibility.     

济阳坳陷车镇凹陷车66块沙三下段精细沉积相分析

根据测井、地震、岩心资料,运用地质综合方法确定济阳坳陷车镇凹陷北部陡坡带砂体成因类型,搞清深水沉积边界。通过岩心观察与描述、地质地震剖面对比以及沉积相平面分布的研究,认为:车66井区沙三下段发育湖底扇、滑塌浊积扇,它们夹持于暗色深水泥岩之中,以内扇沉积为特色,在主水道及水道间堆积了中、细砾岩碎屑流与背景相泥岩。纵向上,沙三下段具有下部富砂、上部富泥的特征;平面上,自北而南由湖底扇内扇碎屑流→中扇颗粒流、浊流变化,沉积相变化具有从近源到远源发展的趋势,表明了物源来自于北部的埕子口凸起。     

Reversals in the polarity of structural facing across an early ductile thrust; the Central Donegal Slide,northwest Ireland

The Dalradian succession of central Donegal represents a tectono-stratigraphic sequence everywhere separated into two distinct successions by the Central Donegal Slide. Each stratigraphic package consistently youngs away from this major D₁ structure which originated during lower greenschist facies metamorphism and corresponds with the development of locally preserved penetrative S₁ fabrics. The tectonic slide and associated reversal in the direction of structural facing are commonly marked by mylonites and tectonic schists, which have been subsequently folded and reactivated by kilometric-scale sheath folds and the Ballybofey Nappe. Structural correlations with northwest Donegal suggest that the Central Donegal Slide relates to the Knockateen Slide, and represents an early thrust with top to the northwest sense of shear. The Central Donegal Slide cuts up-section through the Middle Dalradian sub-basin centred on southern Donegal, emplacing younger, anoxic basinal sediments and turbidites over an older, inverted, shelf succession. The location of the Central Donegal Slide adjacent to the margin of this sub-basin suggests that the siting and form of ductile thrusts may be strongly influenced by the geometry of the pre-existing sedimentary basin.     

实时视频网络监测系统在地质灾害防治中的应用——以东莞市为例

随着经济的高速发展和城市化建设的加速,人们愈来愈重视地质灾害(滑坡、崩塌和泥石流等)对经济建设和人民生命财产的严重威胁.在对东莞市进行了地质灾害调查的基础上,提出了"实时视频网络监测系统",拟对该市重要地质灾害隐患点进行监测和预警预报.     

多裂面斜坡滑动面聚类分析

斜坡中通常发育有多种裂面 ,这些裂面能否在滑坡发育过程中形成滑面 ,将取决于裂面所处的应力状态、裂面的性质、形态、发育密集程度等因素。裂面聚类分析就是通过对裂面所处应力状态的分析 ,确定斜坡中存在的多组潜在滑面 ,然后对斜坡中多组裂面进行聚类分析。其基本方法是将所研究的一组样本 (裂隙或潜在滑面 )中的每一个样本看成一类 ,根据样品间相似系数或距离的大小 ,每次将最为相近的合并 ,计算合并后新类与其他类之间的距离 ,再选择最小距离合并 ,最后将一组样本合并成所需要的类 ,确定斜坡中最有可能发育成滑动面的裂面 (或变形带).     

某宿舍楼滑坡机理分析与治理

详细分析了某边坡失稳的机理,并对滑坡的稳定性及其发展趋势进行了科学分析和预计。在此基础上,提出了以抗滑桩为主,辅以灌浆、排水和护面等综合治理设计方案。为提高计算结果的可靠度,采用了滑带土的残余抗剪强度指标和双参数法等手段。     

Late Cenozoic geological development of the south Vøring margin,mid-Norway

Late Cenozoic seismic stratigraphy of the Vøring continental margin has been studied in detail, with emphasis on the geological development of the Naust Formation deposited during the last 3 million years. The Kai Formation (15–3 Ma) comprises mainly biogenic ooze deposited in the Møre and Vøring Basins. In Naust time, there was a marked increase in supply of sediments from the inner shelf areas and the western part of the Scandinavian mountain range, and glaciers expanded to the shelf and reached the shelf edge several times during the last 1.5–2 million years. During early to mid Naust time the shelf was widened by westerly prograding sediment units, but for a long period the shallowest part of the Helland-Hansen Arch (HHA) formed a barrier preventing glacially derived debris from being distributed farther west. West of the HHA, mainly stratified marine and glacimarine sediments were deposited. A substantial part of these sediments were transported by the north-flowing Norwegian Atlantic Current, which redistributed suspended particles from ice streams, rivers, coastal erosion and seabed winnowing. After burial of the crest of the HHA at c. 0.5 Ma, glacial debris and slide deposits were also deposited west of this high. In the north, massive units of glacial debris were distributed beyond the crest of the HHA, also in mid Naust time, thinning westwards and interfingering with fine-grained sediments on the lower slope. The Sklinnadjupet Slide, inferred to be c. 250,000 years old, corresponds in age with an earlier huge slide in the Storegga area. An elongated area of uneven seabed topography previously interpreted as diapirs (Vigrid diapirs) on the slope west of the HHA is shown to be formed by ooze eruption from the crest of the arch and submarine sliding.