Seismic hazard analysis for engineering sites based on the stochastic finite-fault method

Seismic hazard analyses are mainly performed using either deterministic or probabilistic methods. However, there are still some defects in these statistical model-based approaches for regional seismic risk assessment affected by the near-field of large earthquakes. Therefore, we established a deterministic seismic hazard analysis method that can characterize the entire process of ground motion propagation based on stochastic finite-fault simulation, and we chose the site of the Xiluodu dam to demonstrate the method. This method can characterize earthquake source properties more realistically than other methods and consider factors such as the path and site attenuation of seismic waves. It also has high computational efficiency and is convenient for engineering applications. We first analyzed the complexity of seismogenic structures in the Xiluodu dam site area, and then an evaluation system for ground motion parameters that considers various uncertainties is constructed based on a stochastic finite-fault simulation. Finally, we assessed the seismic hazard of the dam site area comprehensively. The proposed method was able to take into account the complexity of the seismogenic structures affecting the dam site and provide multi-level parameter evaluation results corresponding to different risk levels. These results can be used to construct a dam safety assessment system of an earthquake in advance that provides technical support for rapidly and accurately assessing the post-earthquake damage state of a dam, thus determining the influence of an earthquake on dam safety and mitigating the risk of potential secondary disasters.     

Back-analysis of soil parameters of the Malutang II concrete face rockfill dam using parallel mutation particle swarm optimization

Deformation control is a central problem in earth-rockfill dam design. The finite element method (FEM) is the primary method used to analyze and predict the deformation of earth-rockfill dams. The parameters of the constitutive model of soil used in earth-rockfill dams determine the FEM analysis results. Using prototype monitoring displacements, the soil parameters of the Malutang II concrete face rockfill dam were back-analyzed using parallel mutation particle swarm optimization. The calculated displacements of the back-analyzed soil parameters are consistent with the prototype monitoring results. The parallel mutation particle swarm optimization has a high optimization rate and can be used in large-scale practical engineering applications. The back-analysis results indicate that the deformation moduli of rockfills in the Malutang II are affected by construction situ.     

河北省乐亭县滦河古河道深覆盖层钻探施工工艺

河北省乐亭县鲁家坨铁矿区第四系、第三系覆盖层厚,基岩地层破碎,钻探施工过程中坍塌卡钻、缩径、漏涌结合等事故多。选用新型土层专用取心钻具配合常规钻头及特殊金刚石钻头钻进覆盖层,采用加大孔径、优质化学浆液护壁及护孔堵漏相结合措施用绳索取心工艺钻进基岩层,同时强化了泥浆性能调节和维护,加强钻压、转速、大泵量的监护调节等管理措施,顺利完成了施工任务。原设计孔深1300 m,实际终孔深度1408 m,钻孔弯曲度29°,岩心采取率覆盖层平均高达80%,岩层100%,矿层100%,成孔周期75天,圆满完成了设计任务书要求,评为优质孔。     

Experimental research on acoustic wave velocity of frozen soils during the uniaxial loading process

Ultrasonic P-wave tests of frozen silt and frozen sand were conducted during uniaxial loading by using an RSM^®-SY5(T) nonmetal ultrasonic test meter to study the velocity characteristics of P-waves. The experimental results indicate that the P-wave velocity is affected by soil materials, temperature, and external loads, so the P-wave velocity is different in frozen silt and frozen sand, but all decrease with an increase of temperature and increase at first and then decrease with strain during the loading process. There is an exponential relationship between uniaxial compressive strength and P-wave velocity, and the correlation between them is very good. The characteristic parameters of acoustic waves can, to some extent, reflect the development of internal cracks in frozen soils during loading.     

灰色-马尔科夫模型在大坝内部变形预测中的应用

传统的灰色-马尔科夫模型一般都是等时距的。针对样本不能满足等时距的需要,通过一定方法将样本等时距化,用多变量灰色模型MGM(1,n)与马尔科夫转移矩阵相结合对等时距样本进行建模,建立非等时距的灰色-马尔科夫模型。文中结合某大坝内部水平位移实测数据,用此模型进行建模。结果表明,灰色-马尔科夫模型不仅比灰色模型的拟合精度高,而且提高了预测精度。     

小波分解AR-BP网络模型在大坝垂直位移预测中的应用

针对大坝内部垂直位移数据序列不仅具有周期性、平稳性,且在频域上存在高、低频,显著的多尺度等特性,本实验利用多尺度小波分析的原理与方法对数据序列进行分解,对低频序列和高频序列分别建立AR模型和BP神经网络模型并进行预测,最后叠加各个序列的预测值,得到数据序列的预测结果。该方法适用于大坝垂直位移的预测,结果与自回归模型及单BP神经网络模型相比,该模型具有更高预测精度。     

岩土工程注浆技术与其应用研究

注浆技术因其在渗漏、突水突泥等灾害治理及软土加固方面的显著优势,目前在岩土工程项目建设及运营维护中应用非常广泛。从基于裂隙岩体分形几何和模糊RES-云模型的可灌性分析理论、高聚物和微生物菌液注浆新材料、三维模型可视化和虚实耦合计算机技术等方面对坝基注浆技术进行了阐释述评,并考虑浆液扩散模型、黏度时变规律和注浆复合体结构特征等对盾构隧道和海底隧道注浆技术进行了探讨分析,最后对桩基后注浆加固原理和荷载-沉降特性等进行探索总结。注浆技术在岩土工程系列项目建设中的应用,必将全面提升岩土项目的工程质量。     

清江水布垭工程坝址岩体稳定性三维数值模拟研究

清江干流水布垭水电枢纽是与隔河岩、高坝洲水电枢纽并重的国家级大型水电工程 ,坝址区高边坡稳定性问题是水布垭坝址主要的工程地质问题之一。采用三维有限元数值模拟方法 ,对坝址区岩体应力场和位移进行了研究 ;探讨了岩体三维应力、应变分布与岩体变形破坏的关系 ,评价了岩体的稳定性     

岷江上游小海子坝溃决洪水危险性评价

天然堆石坝溃决洪水,严重威胁下游的安全。在 计算岷江上游小海子坝不同溃决方式下的洪水演变规律基础上,对洪水灾害进行寂初步预测和评价     

Measurement of the sortable silt current speed proxy using the Sedigraph 5100 and Coulter Multisizer IIe: precision and accuracy

The weight percentage and mean size of the 10–63 μm terrigenous silt fraction (termed 'sortable silt') of fine-grained marine sediments have recently been argued to be proxies for near-bottom palaeocurrent intensity. This paper details the accuracy and precision of the Sedigraph 5100 and the Coulter Multisizer IIe in determining the weight percentage and mean size of the sortable silt at abundances characteristic of deep-ocean sediments. Three sortable silt standards and a fine silt/clay diluent were generated from natural deep-sea sediment of the Iceland Basin. These were used to produce silty clays with standard additions of sortable silt ranging from 1% to 20% of the total by weight. Accuracy was measured relative to the size of the pure spike measured by each instrument. At sortable silt abundance >5%, the Sedigraph and the Coulter Multisizer estimate both weight percentage and mean grain size precisely and accurately, while below 5%, instrumental noise degrades their performance. On the basis of the Sedigraph results, a series of percentage errors is defined, which may be applied to sortable silt mean size and weight percentage estimates used in palaeoceanographic near-bottom current reconstruction. It is suggested that, ideally, palaeocurrent reconstructions should be based on Sedigraph determinations of the 0–63 μm grain size distribution, yielding both mean and abundance, or on Coulter Multisizer determinations of the sortable silt grain size mean. The Coulter Multisizer may prove especially useful in regions of very depleted (<5%) sortable silt component.