中国大陆岩石圈结构篱笆图及其说明——10条GGT地球物理资料

利用中国陆地 10条GGT地球物理资料编制中国岩石圈篱笆图 ,并加以说明。通过对地球物理特征和地质学分析 ,认为以大兴安岭—太行山—武陵山重力梯级带和青藏高原周边重力梯级带为界 ,可把中国陆地划分 3个岩石圈构造单元。中国陆壳既有三分结构也存在二分结构 ;对地壳中存在的低速带、高导带和天然地震带进行了划分。以大兴安岭—太行山—武陵山重力梯级带为界 ,两侧盆地具有不同的地球物理特征 ,这些特征与构造运动、均衡调整过程有关。莫霍面几乎遍布全国 ,它具有内部结构。下部地壳底部存在的地球物理异常与莫霍面有关 ,也可能与岩石圈地幔的变化有关。     

从抗震设防类别探讨室内地震应急避难场所的选择

区分建筑物的抗震设防类别是进行抗震设计的前提和依据。本文针对当前我国室内地震应急避难场所认定面临的现有建筑的抗震安全性问题,根据不同版本的《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》和《建筑抗震设计规范》,对现有体育、会展、教育建筑等设计、施工时依据的抗震设防类别、标准、规范进行分析研究,以为室内地震应急避难场所的选择提供参考,从而推动室内地震应急避难场所的认定工作。     

福建省沿海砂质岸线防护林分布特征及生态修复探讨

以2019年遥感卫星影像为基础,通过监督分类与目视解译相结合的方法,获得福建省砂质岸线防护林的分布现状,结合多时相遥感影像数据,总结防护林的退化变化规律。结果表明：尽管近几十年来福建省防护林保护与修复取得了显著成效,但也有将近一半的砂质岸线存在无防护林、原有防护林消失、防护林不连续、修复后再度遭受破坏等问题。针对这些问题,提出了对砂质岸线防护林的保护与修复应遵循保护优先、自然恢复为主的方针。按照整体保护、系统修复的要求,防护林修复的近期目标是对问题严重的地段开展针对性修复,长期目标是形成连续的砂质岸线防护林,形成沿海第一道生态屏障,为提高福建省沿海生态系统生物的多样性起到积极作用。     

基于GIS的天津市应急避难场所选址评价

应急避难场所在城市应急管理体系中占有重要地位,对已建成的应急避难场所选址进行评价,可为应急避难场所个体改进、布局优化和新建选址提供依据。本文在文献研究与天津市城市特点分析的基础上,从有效性、安全性、可达性3个维度构建包含8个评价因子的应急避难场所选址适宜性评价指标体系,应用层次分析法（AHP）确定指标权重。应用GIS空间分析技术建立应急避难场所空间点位分析模型和覆盖范围模型,对天津市27个应急避难场所进行适宜性评价,并对中心城区14个应急避难场所进行满足性评价。结果表明,天津市应急避难场所具有良好的基础,但总体适宜性水平有待进一步提高,尤其是安全性亟需加强;天津市中心城区人口密集,但应急避难场所数量少,服务区域有限,存在较大范围的覆盖盲区,其中和平区人均有效避难面积仅0.2m2,远小于人体最低占用面积0.6m2,达不到人均有效避难要求。     

柔性防护在膨胀土路堑中的应用

在湖北某高速公路路堑边坡防护中,成功应用了柔性防护形式,并取得较好的防护效果。文章通过数值模拟方法对该防护形式进行了参数优化,并概化了规范的施工工艺,适宜于在膨胀土边坡工程中推广应用。     

Characteristics of Habitats Used by Enteroctopus dofleini in Prince William Sound and Cook Inlet,Alaska

Abstract. Habitat characteristics associated with the giant Pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini (Wülker 1910), were studied in Prince William Sound and Port Graham, Alaska, from beach walk, SCUBA and submersible surveys at depths of 0 to 197 m. Octopus counts on beach walk transects were positively correlated with soft substrates (sand, gravel or broken rubble), the presence of boulders, and dense kelp cover immediately offshore of the transect; and negatively correlated with depth on SCUBA transects. No significant habitat correlations were found with counts on submersible transects. On beach walks, octopus counts were reduced on hard substrates to 38 % of the counts on soft substrates. Counts increased five‐fold in the presence of boulders over counts in their absence, and increased fifteen‐fold adjacent to dense (> 75 %) kelp cover over counts adjacent to sparse (< 25 %) kelp cover. On SCUBA transects, the average density at less than 5 m depth was over five times that below 5 m. No trends in octopus size or sex ratio were detected with depth. Den use was inversely correlated with depth although there was no indication that den availability declined with depth. Octopuses were found at densities from 0 to 2.5 per 1000 m². These densities were only 1 to 50 % of densities of the same species recorded in British Columbia in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Few data are available to test recruitment, mortality, and habitat selection hypotheses that would account for differences between habitats. However, the presence of the highest octopus densities in intertidal and very shallow subtidal areas indicates the likely importance of near‐shore, shallow‐water habitats, and highlights the vulnerability of octopus populations to changes in these habitats.     

基于GIS的安庆市应急避难场所空间布局特征分析与优化

随着城市发展步伐的加快,火灾、爆炸、公共卫生事故、工程事故等人为灾害性事件频发,洪水、地震、台风等自然灾害也给城市居民的生命和财产安全造成了极大损失。由于城市规模和人口数量将越来越大,城市应急避难场所在城市规划中就显得更加重要。本文以安庆城区为例,根据城市人口分布状况以及城市总体的空间布局,分析应急避难场所的特征及其与城市的适应程度。采用GIS的空间查询、网络分析、最佳路径分析等功能,检验该市应急避难场所的合理性。针对城市规划中应急避难场所空间布局上不合理的问题,进行方案优化。研究结果将给安庆市应急避难场所的空间布局带来一定的借鉴作用。     

中国天山艾肯达坂透风式下导风防雪工程

据艾肯达坂风雪流形成条件，提出了贴地气层分离是公路吹雪堆积的机理，通过对密闭式下导风能量转换和流场结构的剖析，创造了透风式下导风防雪工程。其实施后，改变了公路因冬半年严重雪阻而不能通车的状况，经济效益和社会效益俱佳；     

The catastrophic cyclone of April 1991: Its Impact on the economy of Bangladesh

A very severe cyclonic storm with wind speeds of over 240 km/h struck the coastal areas of Bangladesh in the full moon night of 29 April 1991. The path of the eye, close to the shore, raised a storm surge of unusual height, reportedly more than 9 m above the mean sea level, which devastated the offshore islands and the mainland coast. The damage to the physical infrastructure of the port of Chittagong and adjoining industrial area has been colossal, and recovery will take years. Death tolls from the cyclone, storm surge and its aftermath exceeded 145 000 making it one of the world's major natural disasters of this century.This paper is concerned with examining the magnitude and intensity of the disaster. It analyses how the people of Bangladesh, and the environment in which they live, were affected by the cyclone. A brief account is presented of loss of life and of the damage suffered in various sectors, including agriculture, industry, and physical infrastructure.The paper lays emphasis on the need of building a sufficient number of multipurpose cyclone shelters in the disaster-prone coastal areas of Bangladesh. Adequate measures should be taken for evacuating people from vulnerable areas and putting them into these shelters in the event of a cyclonic storm. Simplification of the current cyclone warning system is recommended.The difficulties of providing relief to the survivors are discussed. And finally, the need for improvement of the communication infrastructure in the coastal areas is highlighted.     

一种野外测量方舱及其设计

本文介绍了一种用于野外测量的综合保障方舱及其设计，侧重介绍了泫方舱的基本组成、功能和设计特点。论述了几个关键部件的设计思想和实现方案。最后简要说明了本方舱的两个辅助系统。该方舱适合在艰苦环境，特别是在无人区使用。经使用表明，该方舱满足野外测量保障的需要，结构紧凑，性能可靠。