栅栏对颗粒起动风速影响的实验研究

气流对栅栏的响应可以定量地用沙粒的起动风速来表征。通过风洞模拟实验研究了栅栏两侧不同距离处沙粒的起动风速及运动特征随疏透度和高度的变化关系。根据颗粒运动的不同典型特征,栅栏附近的水平区域可划分为5个区。栅栏的疏透度是决定其最终防护效果的关键因素,紧密型栅栏,尤其是不透风栅栏,其迎风侧脚容易形成堆积。栅栏疏透度为0.3～0.4时相对起动风速最大,疏透度0.3～0.6时能产生最大的有效防护距离。栅栏越低,产生最佳的防护效果所要求的疏透度就相对越小,反之亦然。疏透度0.3～0.4的栅栏在实际应用中可以起到最佳的防风阻沙效果。     

Evaluating the optimal porosity of fences for reducing wind erosion

Porosity is the most important parameter determining the shelter efficiency of fences. Wind measurements were made around fence models with different porosities in a wind tunnel. The optimal fence porosity is evaluated by means of Gandemer’s method that combines the effects of wind reduction and turbulence fields on the shelter efficiency for abating wind erosion. Defining the optimal porosity must take into account of its own purposes, required shelter degree and area to be sheltered. Turbulence has profound impacts on the shelter efficiency of high degree. Two concepts: absolute optimal porosity and practical optimal porosity concerning optimal porosity are proposed. Choosing the practical optimal porosity means reducing cost without significant expense of shelter efficiency. According to the evaluation in present study, the absolute optimal porosity for providing high degree of shelter to abate wind erosion is 0.20 while the practical optimal porosity is around 0.40. If a less shelter degree but over wider area is required, the absolute optimal porosity ranges from 0.05 to 0.10 and the practical optimal porosity is 0.10. For any degree of shelter for abating wind erosion effectively, the fence porosity must be less than or equal 0.40.     

河西走廊中部农田防护林防风效应初探

单个农田林网的防风度为２８．２％，而大面积连片农田防护林体系的建成，区域性防风效应更加显著。与建设初期相比，张掖、临泽和高台３县（市）防护林网的总防风度为４２．８％，年大风日数降低６８．４％，年沙尘暴日数降低６６．１％。     

基于客运班车位置信息的客运站运能监控方法

以道路长度为测距依据建立电子围栏,并建立相应的缓冲区,同时结合客运班车位置数据、发班、运政等信息,建立客运站运能监控曲线,并在广州市某客运站进行应用。应用结果表明,运能监控曲线平日能为运能匹配以及排班计划提供决策支持,在节假日客流管理中也可以发挥运能调度作用。     

江苏溧阳城区地震应急避难场所建设中存在的问题和思考

文章介绍江苏溧阳城区地震应急避难场所建设的状况及建设过程中存在的问题,提出几点改进建议,为避难场所的建设更加规范化,确实发挥应急避难场所的减灾能力和运转效率提供参考。     

关于特殊仓库易燃易爆场所雷电防护的探讨

介绍特殊仓库内易燃易爆场所在新规范下如何进行防雷工程的设计与施工,重点针对直击雷与感应雷防护措施的施工方案及施工要点进行分析。     

The blown sand disaster to the Tarim Desert Highway in Xinjiang, China

The Tarim Desert Highway in Xinjiang, China, the longest one in the world, has a lengthof 562 km, about 80% of which runs across, from north to south, the Taklimakan Desert. Obviously,the main problem of the road maintenance is the blown sand disaster. The research resultsshowed: (1) the physical environment along thedesert highway is characterized by strong winds,fine and loose ground materials, different dunes and so on, which provides the dynamical conditionand material source for the formation of blown sand disaster to the road and its shelter system.Meanwhile, the trend and cross-section of the road and the structure of the shelter system, asdamage objects, play important roles in the formation process of blown sand disaster; (2) theblown sand disaster to the shelter system is original from the intrusion of the drift sands and mobiledunes outside the shelter system, and the wind erosion and sand deposit caused by the air streamchanges on the ground in the shelter system. The main damage object in the Tarim Desert High-way is the shelter system presently. The damage forms include wind erosion, sand burying anddune covering; and (3) the damaged length of the blocking sand fences is 83.7%, 88.4%, 72.4%,72.8% and 40.3% and the damaged area of the straw checkerboard belts is 73.1%, 58.2%, 44.5%,35.4% and 36.6%, in turn, in 5 different landform units from north to south, and, the disasters tofences and the straw checkerboard belts are 79.5% and 57.6% in the compound dunes while theyare 64.6% and 37.7% in the interdunes respectively.     

基于GIS的社区地震应急避难场所配置模型构建——以银川市育林巷社区为例

在快速城市化下,城镇人口密集,地震应急避难场所配置成为社区防灾减灾规划研究的重要研究内容。本文基于当前社区空间结构,立足于社区地震应急避难需求,应用LA模型理论和GIS空间分析方法,构建社区地震应急避难场所配置模型。选择银川市育林巷社区为对象开展实证研究,结果表明：当避难路径长度为700 m时,避难场所服务区域可覆盖所有避难需求点;通过配置模型优化,目前的避难场所可满足社区90%居民的有效避难需求,但仍存在避难需求缺口;社区的总体避难空间有待改、扩建,按照居民区布局增加有效避难空间。该研究可为城市社区防震减灾规划的避难设施优化配置提供理论基础。     

郑州市地震等重大自然灾害应急避难场所规划研究

通过收集、整理郑州市地震地质、城建、市政、园林绿化、交通等基础资料,按照国家标准《地震应急避难场所场址及配套设施》(GB 21734—2008)的相关要求进行分类统计研究,给出了城市规划区范围内应急避难场所的建设和分布现状,进行了人均可用面积的分析计算;依照《郑州市城市总体规划(2008—2020年)》的要求进行了城市应急避难场所近期和远期规划研究。