华北平原农田区地下水开采量对降水变化响应

通过区域农业开采量、区域平均年末浅层地下水位对区域年降水量变化的响应特征研究,结果表明:区域农业开采量与年降水量之间存在两极互逆效应,即在枯水年份,作物需耗水量和区域农业开采量增大;在丰水年份,作物需耗水量和区域农业开采量减小。上述规律,突现了在连续枯水年份地下水对农业安全保障的特殊作用。由此,提出了农业开采量的利用水平、合理性和节水潜力以及预测的新的评价方法。     

Development of center pivot irrigation farmlands from 2009 to 2018 in the Mu Us dune field,China: Implication for land use planning

The Mu Us dune field in China has become a focal region for research of the prevention and control of desertification. Agricultural practices in this area have been modernized in recent years, evidenced by the development of Center Pivot Irrigation(CPI) farmlands.However, the impacts of CPI farmlands on combating desertification remain poorly understood. This study chose the southeastern part of the Mu Us dune field as a study area to investigate the variations of CPI farmlands from 2009 to 2018...     

黄河下游沿岸县域农业景观格局演变的土壤养分效应——以河南省封丘县为例

运用地统计学方法,以封丘县景观多样性指数、土壤有机质含量变化值为代表,研究黄河下游沿岸地区景观格局演变的土壤养分效应.结果表明:研究区农业景现多样性2000年比1990年有所降低,土壤有机质含量2006年比1986年有较大幅度增加;两时期变化值的空间分布中随机因素的作用较大,尤其是土壤有机质含量变化.景观多样性指数减小区域发生在封丘县北部并向南延伸,增加区域则分布在封丘县西部、东南部.土壤有机质含量增加幅度较大的区域集中在封丘县东北一西南方向.景观多样性、土壤有机质变化值空间分布的比较表明,景观多样性的稳定有利于土壤有机质的积累.     

盐碱环境与盐碱农业

论述了盐碱环境在地球表面的分布及其自然地理与生物学意义，提出了盐碱农业的定义与目标，分析了盐碱环境与传统的农业的相互影响，盐碱农业的区域;功能与作物适应性及其对生态环境的影响，讨论了盐碱农业面临的问题及其前景。     

CLIMATE WARMING IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE AND ITS INFLUENCES ON AGRICULTURE AND COUNTER MEASURES

Climate changes in Guangdong are studied based on temperature data of 86 meteorological stations in Guangdong Province during 1961 – 2000, temperature data in Guangzhou during 1908 – 2002, and sea level data in the South China Sea during 1958 – 2001.…     

泛珠三角地区地质环境综合调查工程进展

近年来,由中国地质调查局组织实施的“泛珠三角地区地质环境综合调查工程”取得了一批重要成果和认识。梳理了支撑泛珠三角地区绿色发展的优势资源环境条件: ①富硒耕地资源优势显著,可有力支撑富硒产业发展; ②地下水资源丰富,水质总体优良,应急/后备供水保障能力强; ③地质遗迹类型较多,典型稀有,价值高,可助推旅游产业发展; ④地热资源保有量大,有利于清洁能源产业布局和发展; ⑤海岸带资源禀赋优越,但局部存在海岸侵蚀、淤积等环境地质问题; ⑥矿产资源区域特色鲜明,海上能源资源开发潜力大; ⑦工程地质条件整体较好。指出了区内需要关注的重大地质环境问题及局部存在的崩滑流地质灾害、岩溶塌陷、水土污染和地面沉降等环境地质问题。查明了珠江口土壤中硒含量高背景值是富硒大米形成的基础,探查了红层盆地压性构造带找水优势区域,研究了泛珠三角城市群经济社会发展与资源环境绿色生态保持间的协调程度。这些进展可为区域国土空间规划、绿色产业发展、生态环境保护提供支撑。     

Changes of Accumulated Temperature, Growing Season and Precipitation in the North China Plain from 1961 to 2009

Using the high-quality observed meteorological data, changes of the thermal conditions and precipitation over the North China Plain from 1961 to 2009 were examined. Trends of accumulated temperature and negative temperature, growing season duration, as well as seasonal and annual rainfalls at 48 stations were analyzed. The results show that the accumulated temperature increased significantly by 348.5℃ day due to global warming during 1961-2009 while the absolute accumulated negative temperature decreased apparently by 175.3℃ day. The start of growing season displayed a significant negative trend of -14.3 days during 1961- 2009, but the end of growing season delayed insignificantly by 6.7 days. As a result, the length of growing season increased by 21.0 days. The annual and autumn rainfalls decreased slightly while summer rainfall and summer rainy days decreased significantly. In contrast, spring rainfall increased slightly without significant trends. All the results indicate that the thermal conditions were improved to benefit the crop growth over the North China Plain during 1961-2009, and the decreasing annual and summer rainfalls had no direct negative impact on the crop growth. But the decreasing summer rainfall was likely to influence the water resources in North China, especially the underground water, reservoir water, as well as river runoff, which would have influenced the irrigation of agriculture.     

一种综合评价内蒙中西部地区农业气候资源的有效方法

利用DTOPSIS法对内蒙中西部地区的农业气候资源进行综合评估,结果表明,内蒙中西部地区农业气候资源整体水平按优劣可依次分为3个区:东部鄂尔多斯市为温和干旱—半干旱气候区,南部乌海市为温暖干旱区,北部巴彦淖尔市则为温暖干旱——极干旱区,农业气候资源呈现东部优于南、北部地区。     

内蒙古半干旱地区农田优化灌溉软件的应用与介绍

该系统适合地处干旱和半干旱的农业区。可以根据使用站点不同的特点,灵活选择产区和主要农作物。依照作物生长模式可以计算生长过程中的农作物根深、土壤有效相对含水量、叶面积指数,并根据农作物不同发育期灌溉指标计算出符合实际的灌溉日期和灌溉水量,对安排田间作物合理灌溉有较大帮助。     

山区生态果园建设对农业小气候的影响

在四川省凉山彝族自治州西昌市海拔1 500 m的半山荒坡地种植系列果树,建设生态果园,观察其气温、空气相对湿度和地温变化。数据分析表明,生态果园建设对微区气候条件有很好的调节作用。气温日较差变小,年平均减小0.7℃,空气相对湿度明显增加,年平均提高12%,平均地表温度的日较差减小,年平均减小3.6℃,极端地表高温和极端地表低温有所下降。