马边-永善地震带构造形式及地震特征

根据该地褶皱形态、断裂特征、应力场分布等资料研究,指出马边～永善及其两侧的构造形迹自西而东有一个相应强～弱变化过程。推测其力源主要来自西部喜马拉雅构造域的侧向推挤,所形成的马边-永善地震带是处于马边-昭通-曲靖断裂构造带的一部分,从而成为川西经向构造带的东部边界,也是青藏高原东南边缘与四川盆地西南边缘的浅部界线     

云南省潜在震源区综合统计判定之一

本文将云南省地震局多年来积累的关于中强震发生的地质构造、地貌、地球物理场、地形变等特征基础资料,用于Cora-3算法的模式识别,得出云南省潜在震源区的背景指标,结果是比较理想的。“投票”结果表明,80%的学习集D类对象仍被识别为D类,85%的学习集N类对象仍被识别为N类,控制试验的结果也表明识别结果是比较稳定和可靠的。     

1988年澜沧—耿马地震的预报速报与对策

1988年11月6日,在云南省澜沧、耿马相继发生了7.6级、7.2级地震。这次地震前曾经作过准确的中长期预报。在1985年完成1986年出版的南北地震带未来十年地震危险性研究报告和预测图中,澜沧、耿马地区就是两个圈定的7级危险区中的一个。1986年该报告正式上报云南省人民政府。1987年起该区域为我省的地震危险性监视区。1988年除加强监视外,我们还加强了一系列大震对策措施的准备工作。1988年8月该区地震活动增强,我局派出的现场考察组向当地政府作了汇报,并指出该区仍存在着严重的地震危险性。与此同时,省局科技人员对该区作出了一系列不同程度的短期预报,并向当地打了招呼,当地政府采取了一定的措施。遗憾未能作出临震预报。大震发生后,我局昆明遥测台网仅7分钟定了位置和震级,并报告了国家地震局和省政府,及时为抗震救灾提供可靠的科学依据。震后2.5小时,现场监测队伍就出发了。在大震现场仅三天内就作出了地震趋势判断,也较好地作出了强余震的预报,有力地组织了地震考察及地震知识宣传。这一系列的大震对策工作极大地推动了现场的抗震救灾工作,减轻了震灾的继续发生及其带来的巨大的心理和社会影响。整个澜沧—耿马地震的预报、速报及大震对策工作在国内外都是一次较高水平的科学实践,得到了中央慰问团及     

Automatic onset phase picking for portable seismic array observation

Automatic phase picking is a critical procedure for seismic data processing, especially for a huge amount of seismic data recorded by a large-scale portable seismic array. In this study is presented a new method used for automatic accurate onset phase picking based on the proporty of dense seismic array observations. In our method, the Akaike＇s information criterion （AIC） for the single channel observation and the least-squares cross-correlation for the multi-channel observation are combined together. The tests by the seismic array observation data after triggering with the short-term average/long-term average （STA/LTA） technique show that the phase picking error is less than 0.3 s for local events by using the single channel AIC algorithm. In terms of multi-channel least-squares cross-correlation technique, the clear teleseismic P onset can be detected reliably. Even for the teleseismic records with high noise level, our algorithm is also able to effectually avoid manual misdetections.     

Applicability of a Backprojection Algorithm to Reconstruct Images of Subsurface Horizontal Planes for Laboratory Experiments in Electrical Resistance Tomography

This paper describes the use of a backprojection algorithm to reconstruct subsurface images of the electrical resistivity in horizontal planes parallel to the surface. The algorithm can be applied to detect buried objects such as tanks or pipes and possible leakages from them. Two imaging strategies are compared: juxtaposition of vertical planes, and 3D reconstruction from the sensitivity matrix corresponding to the entire volume whose surface is explored. The electrode arrays used for voltage measurement are the dipole–dipole array and a modified Schlumberger array. A personal computer controls current injection, electrode switching, and voltage detection. The system injects 1 kHz, 20 V peak-to-peak square waveforms, thus avoiding electrode polarization effects. Experimental laboratory measurements show that the algorithm detects localized objects such as an insulating sphere and a conductive cylinder immersed in water. Furthermore, covering half of the cylinder by a rubber sleeve to simulate a nonconductive leak, yields a distinct image for the leak. The backprojection algorithm does not need any regularization parameter and it is very fast in inverting the sensitivity matrix because it approximates the inverse matrix by its transposed. The dipole–dipole array usually yields a lower overall pixel error than the modified Schlumberger array but both allow the detection of simulated underground leaks.     

Planar rocking response and stability analysis of an array of free‐standing columns capped with a freely supported rigid beam

This paper investigates the planar rocking response of an array of free‐standing columns capped with a freely supported rigid beam in an effort to explain the appreciable seismic stability of ancient free‐standing columns that support heavy epistyles together with the even heavier frieze atop. Following a variational formulation, the paper concludes to the remarkable result that the dynamic rocking response of an array of free‐standing columns capped with a rigid beam is identical to the rocking response of a single free‐standing column with the same slenderness yet with larger size, that is a more stable configuration. Most importantly, the study shows that the heavier the freely supported cap beam is (epistyles with frieze atop), the more stable is the rocking frame regardless of the rise of the center of gravity of the cap beam, concluding that top‐heavy rocking frames are more stable than when they are top light. This ‘counter intuitive’ finding renders rocking isolation a most attractive alternative for the seismic protection of bridges with tall piers, whereas its potential implementation shall remove several of the concerns associated with the seismic connections of prefabricated bridges. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乌鲁木齐城市活断层探测与地震危险性评价主要成果简介

以乌鲁木齐市建成区和规划区作为探测目标区,对区内的活动断层及其深部发震构造进行了系统的探测,对活动断层的危险性和危害性进行了初步评价。根据断层活动性鉴定,确定目标区内存在2组全新世活动断层,即王家沟断层组和九家湾断层组。前者为近EW向的北倾逆断层,后者为NE走向的北倾正断层。晚更新世活动断层为八钢-石化隐伏断层、西山断层、碗窑沟断层和白杨南沟断层。深部发震构造探测揭示出目标区所处的北天山山前薄皮推覆构造及其前缘逆断层-褶皱的清楚结构,结合流动地震观测和小震精确定位等,建立了目标区活动断层的发震构造模型。通过古地震探槽和地震活动性研究对目标区全新世活动断层和晚更新世活动断层的地震危险性进行了评价;并在此基础上对可能发生的直下型大地震所引起的强地震动进行了预测,对全新世活动断层可能产生的地表错动带和晚更新世活动断层可能引起的地表变形带进行了预测     

Optimal instrumentation of uncertain structural systems subject to earthquake ground motions

A criterion is proposed for making decisions regarding the optimal location of a given number of sensors to record the seismic response of a structure for identification purposes. The optimal location of the sensors is selected so that the expected value of a Bayesian loss function, expressed in terms of the Fisher information in the recordings, is minimized. The criterion is applied to the case of multi-degree-of-freedom systems with uncertain structural properties subjected to earthquake ground motions modelled as stationary stochastic processes. The use and capabilities of the criterion are thoroughly illustrated by means of an example. Results are used to assess the influence of record duration, recording noise, and ground motion frequency content and amplitude, on the optimal location of accelerometers as well as on the reduction of prior uncertainty about the structural parameters. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国大陆原地复发强震的基本特征及其预测

在印度板块与欧亚块相碰撞形成的喜马拉雅弧板块边界力作用下，中国大陆有自己独特的现代构造运动和地震活动基本格架。格架是两组近似于对数螺线的现代构造滑移线，即最大剪切应力和剪切应变集中释放的区，带。在这种格架控制下，强震和大震在原地或基本在原地重复发生是中国大陆地震活动的重要特征。本文还提出了ｉ－ｆ－ｊ复发轮回模式和估计当前轮回强震复发时间的概率分布以及计算未来强震复发概率分式。为中，长期预测原地复发     

Nonlinear earthquake response analysis and energy calculation for seismic slit shear wall structures

Based on the concept of structural passive control, a new type of slit shear wall, with improved seismic performance when compared to an ordinary solid shear wall, was proposed by the authors in 1996. The idea has been verified by a series of pseudo-static and dynamic tests. In this paper a macro numerical model is developed for the wall element and the energy dissipation device. Then, nonlinear time history analysis is carried out for a 10-story slit shear wall model tested on a shaking table. Furthermore, the seismic input energy and the individual energy dissipated by the components are calculated by a method based on Newmark-β assumptions for this shear wall model, and the advantages of this shear wall are further demonstrated by the calculation results from the viewpoint of energy. Finally, according to the seismic damage criterion on the basis of plastic accumulative energy and maximum response, the optimal analysis is carried out to select design parameters for the energy dissipation device.