Sliding fragility of block‐type non‐structural components. Part 1: Unrestrained components

Motivated by the development of performance‐based design guidelines with emphasis on both structural and non‐structural systems, this paper focuses on seismic vulnerability assessment of block‐type unrestrained non‐structural components under sliding response on the basis of seismic inputs specified by current seismic codes. Two sliding‐related failure modes are considered: excessive relative displacement and excessive absolute acceleration. It is shown that an upper bound for the absolute acceleration response can be assessed deterministically, for which a simple yet completely general equation is proposed. In contrast, fragility curves are proposed as an appropriate tool to evaluate the excessive relative displacement failure mode. Sample fragility curves developed through Monte‐Carlo simulations show that fragility estimates obtained without taking into account vertical base accelerations can be significantly unconservative, especially for relatively large values of the coefficient of friction. It is also found that reasonable estimates of relative displacement response at stories other than the ground in multistorey buildings cannot in general be obtained by simply scaling the ground acceleration to the peak acceleration at the corresponding storey. Failure modes considered in this study are found to be essentially independent of each other, a property that greatly simplifies assessment of conditional limit states. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地心地固坐标系有理多项式系数模型探讨

针对遥感影像处理中多源影像联合定位研究的不足,该文在地心地固坐标系(ECEF)中构建航天光学与SAR影像的有理多项式(RPC)模型,给出了计算ECEF中RPC参数虚拟控制点的获取方法,分析了大地坐标系与ECEF中虚拟控制点格网的形变特点,并选取5种光学与SAR影像进行了RPC参数拟合试验,验证了模型的可行性。结果表明ECEF坐标系RPC模型不仅能够克服大地坐标系RPC模型存在应用盲区的缺点,也有利于通用模型和严密模型结合,在统一的坐标系中实现多源影像的联合定位。     

可液化场地碎石桩复合地基地震动力响应分析

采用砂土液化大变形弹塑性本构模型分析可液化砂土,采用模量随应力与应变变化的等效非线性模型增量形式分析碎石桩,应用FLAC3D有限差分软件对地震动力作用下可液化场地碎石桩复合地基进行三维动力响应分析。模拟分析了在地震作用下碎石桩刚度效应和排水效应对加固处理可液化场地的抗液化效果,从初始小变形到液化后大变形的变形发展,超静孔压累积与消散,及桩与土的变形与应力分配变化等。结果表明,所用模型与方法可合理描述可液化场地碎石桩复合地基在地震作用下场地的动力响应特性和抗液化效果;在地震作用下可液化场地中桩周土体与碎石桩体的竖向应力与水平向剪切应力向碎石桩体集中,竖向有效应力比可降至约1/6～1/3;桩周土体与桩体为非协调变形,剪应变比可达7～10;碎石桩抗液化影响范围约为2.5～3倍桩径,对超过3.5倍桩径范围影响较小;碎石桩与砂土渗透系数比大于100时对降低砂土中超静孔隙水压影响明显;碎石桩对场地的加密效应可显著降低超静孔隙水压力,而碎石桩刚度则对超静孔隙水压力变动影响较小,但有助于减低地面加速度响应峰值。     

主动震源在中国区域尺度及水库地震监测中的应用

综述精密可控震源与陆上气枪2种主动震源特性及在国内区域尺度上的应用,估算观测介质波速随时间变化的精度,探讨主动震源在构建水库地震观测介质波速随时间变化中的系统应用。     

Long-term seismic noise investigations on Shikotan Island: First results

In 2003–2004, long-term seismic noise observations were launched on Shikotan Island (Lesser Kuril Range) based on the “Shikotan” dormant regional seismic station. The geological and geophysical data on the registration area are reported. Information about the equipment and its technical specifications is given. The precursors to the strongest local earthquakesthat occurred in the Shikotan Island region in January 2005–March 2007 are identified.     

反复荷载下混凝土框架柱塑性铰区基于延性的抗剪承载力机理分析

在试验研究的基础上,以框架结构延性设计为目的采用桁架＋拱模型研究了框架柱塑性铰区域抗剪受力机理,分析了,位移延性系数、加载循环次数等因素对框架柱构件塑性铰区域剪切受力性能的影响,并结合试验结果提出了混凝土框架柱塑性铰区域剪切承载力抗震延性设计实用公式,可有效实现结构的延性破坏机制。主要为配合GBJ10-89的修订,该成果已被《混凝土结构设计规范》（GB50010—2003）吸收。     

云南思茅—中甸地震剖面的地壳结构

云南思茅—中甸宽角反射/折射地震剖面切割松潘—甘孜、扬子和华南三个构造单元的部分区域. 我们利用初至波和壳内反射波走时层析成像获得地壳纵波速度结构. 在获得新的地壳速度结构模型基础上,利用地震散射成像思想和低叠加次数的叠前深度偏移方法重建了研究区的地壳、上地幔反射结构. 综合分析研究区地壳P波速度模型和壳内地震反射剖面发现：沿测线从北至南地壳厚度从约50 km减薄至35 km左右,地壳厚度的减薄量主要体现在下地壳,剖面北段下地壳厚度约为30 km,剖面南段下地壳厚度仅为15 km左右;上地幔顶部局部位置P波速度值偏低,一般为7.6～7.8 km/s,反映出云南地区是典型的构造活动区的特点.剖面沿线地壳内地震反射发育,其中莫霍强反射出现在景云桥下方;在景云桥弧形断裂带8～10 km深处出现宽约50 km的强反射带.     

Otway Continental Margin Transect: Crustal architecture from wide‐angle seismic profiling across Australia's southern margin

The Otway Basin in southeastern Australia formed on a triangular‐shaped area of extended continental lithosphere during two extensional episodes in Cretaceous to Miocene times. The extent of the offshore continental margin is highlighted by Seasat/Geosat satellite altimeter data. The crustal architecture and structural features across this southeast Australian margin have been interpreted from offshore‐onshore wide‐angle seismic profiling data along the Otway Continental Margin Transect extending from the onshore Lake Condah High, through the town of Portland, to the deep Southern Ocean. Along the Otway Continental Margin Transect, the onshore half‐graben geometry of Early Cretaceous deposition gives way offshore to a 5 km‐thick slope basin (P‐wave velocity 2.2–4.6 km/s) to at least 60 km from the shoreline. At 120 km from the nearest shore in a water depth of 4220 m, sonobuoy data indicate a 4–5 km sedimentary sequence overlying a 7 km thick basement above the Moho at 15 km depth. Major fault zones affect the thickness of basin sequences in the onshore area (Tartwaup Fault Zone and its southeast continuation) and at the seaward edge of the Mussel Platform (Mussel Fault). Upper crustal basement is interpreted to be attenuated and thinned Palaeozoic rocks of the Delamerian and Lachlan Orogens (intruded with Jurassic volcanics) that thin from 16 km onshore to about 3.5 km at 120 km from the nearest shore. Basement rocks comprise a 3 km section with velocity 5.5–5.7 km/s overlying a deeper basement unit with velocity 6.15–6.35 km/s. The Moho shallows from a depth of 30 km onshore to 15 km depth at 120 km from the nearest shore, and then to about 12 km in the deep ocean at the limits of the transect (water depth 5200 m). The continent‐ocean boundary is interpreted to be at a prominent topographic inflection point 170 km from shore at the bottom of the continental slope in 4800 m of water. P‐wave velocities in the lower crust are 6.4–6.8 km/s, overlying a thin transition zone to an upper mantle velocity of 8.05 km/s beneath the Moho. Outstandingly clear Moho reflections seen in deep‐marine profiling data at about 10.3 s two‐way time under the slope basin and continent‐ocean boundary place further strong controls on crustal thickness. There is no evidence of massive high velocity (>7 km/s) intrusives/underplate material in the lower crust nor any synrift or early post‐rift subaerial volcanics, indicating that the Otway continental margin can be considered a non‐volcanic margin, similar in many respects to some parts of the Atlantic Ocean margins e.g. the Nova Scotia ‐ Newfoundland margin off Canada and the Galicia Bank off the Iberian Peninsula. Using this analogue, the prominent gravity feature trending northwest‐southeast at the continent‐ocean boundary may indicate the presence of highly serpentinised mantle material beneath a thin crust, but this has yet to be tested by detailed work.     

老鸦陈断层和地震勘探

本文扼要介绍了围绕老鸦陈断层开展的几次地震勘探工作，认为由此得出“老鸦陈断层是第四纪活动断层”的结论值得商榷。