周期性潮积岩及其研究意义

回顾了最近十余年来国外对周期性潮汐沉积物，特别是潮汐韵律层的研究进展，系统介绍了几种从古代沉积物中识别出来的潮汐周期，包括基本潮汐（半日潮，全日潮和混合潮），大一小潮周期以及一些长周期波动等。最后，对潮汐韵律层在推测地史时期地－月系的演化历史及计算短期沉积速率中的意义作了评述。     

Rill erosion along the thalweg of a hillslope hollow: A case study from the cotswold hills,Central England

Rill erosion is an important erosional form on agricultural soils in England, causing large losses of soil, particularly on cultivated slopes. This paper describes a rill system that developed in a small agricultural catchment in north Oxfordshire during the winter of 1992–93. The rill system comprised two components: a system of ‘feeder rills’ along the valley-side slopes, which were the result of flow concentration and erosion along wheelings, and a thalweg rill, which formed along a dry valley bottom as a result of surface runoff concentration from the feeder rills. Total volumetric soil loss from the rill system was 32·28 m³, equivalent to 3·01 m³, ha^?1 for the rill catchment area, or 3·91 t ha^?1. Mean discharge for the thalweg rill and feeder rills, calculated during a storm event, was 31·101s^?1 and 1·171s^?1, respectively. All flows were fully turbulent and supercritical. We emphasize the need for a spatially distributed approach to the study of runoff and erosion at the catchment scale.     

茶卡盐湖溶洞水平均上渗速率的计算─箱状模型的应用

应用箱状模型的理论，建立了茶卡盐湖及其外围水系的箱状模型，在测定茶卡盐湖丰水季节和枯水季节卤水的水量及流入湖区河水、泉水的流量的基础上，计算了茶卡盐湖溶洞水上渗补给湖水的平均速率，得到了满意的结果。     

盐卤硼酸盐化学Ⅹ Ⅹ Ⅴ Ⅱ盐湖卤水酸化过程中硼酸生长速率

本文提出了一种用激光散射跟踪溶液中粒子粒度在不同时间的分布，求取粒子生长速率的简便而可行的方法，得到了大柴旦盐湖卤水在硫酸酸化过程中硼酸晶体的生长速率，并提出解决酸法提础工艺中所得硼酸晶体粒度太小的方法。     

Evaporitic sedimentation and microbial mats in a salina system (Port Fouad,Egypt)

A salina system along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt was investigated. Five sedimentary facies are described. For each facies, the evaporitic sedimentation and the biological conditions are considered. Comparisons of evaporite precipitates in the salina with ancient deposits are made.     

How reliable is the210Pb dating method? Old and new results from Switzerland

We present a historical overview of applications of²¹⁰Pb dating in Switzerland with a special emphasis on the work performed at the University of Bern. It is demonstrated that the average specific activity of²¹⁰Pb in the lower atmosphere is very constant and does not show seasonal variations. We then concentrate on new results from Lobsigensee, a very small lake, and on published and new data from Lake Zurich. Several²¹⁰Pb profiles from these lakes show obvious disturbances and a disagreement of the resulting sedimentation rate when compared to that for the 23 years defined by¹³⁷Cs peaks of 1986 (Chernobyl) and 1963 (bomb fallout).A mean sedimentation rate of about 0.14 g cm^–2 y^–1 is found in the oxic and suboxic center part of Lake Zurich. In the oxic locations, the²¹⁰Pb flux to the sediments was close to the atmospheric input of about 1/60 Bq cm^–2 y^–1. In other parts of the lake a significant deficit in the inventory of²¹⁰Pb was found in the sediments. This could be due to a chemical redissolution of²¹⁰Pb together with Mn under reducing conditions. In contrast, in the suboxic part of the lake (135 m depth) the flux of²¹⁰Pb was about twice the atmospheric input. This excess is not caused by allochthonous contributions and is tentatively explained by the transport of sediment material resulting from small slides at the very steep lake shores or more probably by reprecipitation of²¹⁰Pb together with Mn when the conditions in the lake water become locally and seasonally more oxidizing. Dissolved²¹⁰Pb may migrate from locations with reducing conditions and reprecipitate under more oxic conditions. Indeed, a correlation of Mn and²¹⁰Pb in sediments of Lake Zurich was found.This is the first of a series of papers to be published by this journal following the 20^th anniversary of the first application of²¹⁰Pb dating of lake sediments. Dr P. G. Appleby is guest editing this series.     

卤水比蒸发系数的数学模型—石盐析出阶段和光卤石析出阶段

本文在察尔汗盐湖卤水不同浓缩阶段比蒸发实验的基础上,比较系统地处理了该实验的数据,建立了在石盐析出阶段和光卤石析出阶段卤水比蒸发系数的数学模型,给出了与卤水密度和大气相对湿度相关的经验方程式。     

Rates of tafoni weathering on uplifted shore platforms in Nojima-Zaki,Boso Peninsula,Japan

Many tafoni occur on the faces of marine cliffs on three uplifted shore platforms with different altitudes and with known ages of emergence. The mean value of the ten largest depths of tafoni, D (cm), was obtained and the period of their formation, t (years), was estimated. The relationship between the two variables was found to be D = 20·3 × (1?e^?0.005t).     

太阳紫外光谱及NO2光解系数的观测

本文讨论了利用自动太阳光谱仪测量地面的紫外辐射光谱,并进一步计算了NO_2的光分解系数.光谱测量范围为310—375nm.测量结果表明,在北京地区秋季NO_2的光解系数变化在(1—4)×10~(-3)S~(-1),有明显的日变化.