柔性水囊潜堤消波特性的溃坝水槽试验研究

柔性水囊潜堤由橡胶制成,内部充水,具有结构简单、造价低廉等优点,能较好满足人工岛、跨海桥梁、海洋平台等基础设施建设工程对简单便携、拆装方便的临时防波堤的需求。为了探究柔性水囊潜堤的消波特性,在溃坝水槽内开展溃坝波与半圆柱形柔性水囊潜堤相互作用的试验研究,重点探究柔性水囊潜堤与溃坝波相互作用过程中水位变化特性,并与半圆柱刚性潜堤的性能进行比较;同时分析柔性水囊潜堤内部初始水压和浸没深度等参数对其消波性能的影响。结果表明：柔性水囊潜堤能够用作临时防波堤来衰减波浪;与半圆柱刚性潜堤相比,柔性水囊潜堤在降低溃坝波无量纲最大水位、提高消波性能方面更具优势;内部初始水压是影响柔性水囊潜堤消波性能的重要因素,适当降低内部初始水压,有利于增强柔性潜堤的变形程度,进而增加波能耗散,可获得更好的消波效果;而增加浸没深度即潜深,会使得柔性水囊潜堤对溃坝波的影响程度降低,消波效果减弱。     

防浪建筑物影响下珊瑚礁海岸波浪传播变形试验

通过测试一系列不规则波工况研究了防浪建筑物存在下珊瑚礁海岸附近短波、低频长波和增水的变化规律,并对比了防浪建筑物的不同位置情况。分析结果表明：波浪在沿礁传播过程中,短波波高沿礁坪持续衰减,低频长波波高沿礁坪逐渐增大,波浪增水则沿礁坪基本保持不变;海岸附近短波随着防浪建筑物与礁缘距离的变大而减小,低频长波则在防浪建筑物处于礁坪后部时达到最大,防浪建筑物位置的变化对于礁坪波浪增水的影响可以忽略。通过理论分析证明了珊瑚礁地形上低频长波是由于群波破碎造成的破碎点移动而产生的;当特定波况作用于特定位置的防浪建筑物时,低频长波在礁坪上会发生一阶共振效应导致其能量在海岸附近达到最大值。     

脚靴式海上升压站灌浆连接段强度分析研究

与国内已建成的海上升压站相比,脚靴式海上升压站导管架对桩和套筒间的灌浆连接强度要求更高,完全套用单桩风电结构的分析方法会使结构设计不准确。由于桩和套筒之间设置有剪力键,当特殊情况时还需增加灌浆连接增强钢筋,在地震及撞船作用下容易导致灌浆接触界面分离等破坏,当前尚未有针对此类情况系统的灌浆连接强度校核方法。以某脚靴式海上升压站为例,分析其在在位、撞船、地震、疲劳等多个主控工况下灌浆连接、剪力键及增强钢筋的强度及稳定性,结果表明该海上升压站灌浆连接段满足设计要求,并研究了各参数对灌浆连接段强度的敏感程度,为今后脚靴式海上升压站各主控工况下的灌浆连接段强度分析、优化设计提供参考与借鉴。     

斜坡平台波浪破碎数值模拟

波浪在斜坡地形上破碎,破波后稳定波高多采用物理模型试验方法进行研究,利用近岸波浪传播变形的抛物型缓坡方程和波能流平衡方程,导出了适用于斜坡上波浪破碎的数值模拟方法。首先根据波能流平衡方程和缓坡方程基本型式分析波浪在破波带内的波能变化和衰减率,推导了波浪传播模型中波能衰减因子和破波能量流衰减因子之间的关系;其次,利用陡坡地形上的高阶抛物型缓坡方程建立了波浪传播和波浪破碎数学模型;最后,根据物理模型试验实测数据对数值模拟的效果进行验证。数值计算与试验资料比较表明,该模型可以较好地模拟斜坡地形的波浪传播波高变化。     

Effect of nano-MgO on mechanical performance of cement stabilized silty clay

Abstract

A series of direct shear tests were performed on cement-admixed silty clay to investigate the effect of cement content and nano-magnesia (MgO) on its shear strength properties. For each normal stress, shear strength increased with cement content. However, an obvious increment in shear strength was achieved when the cement content was adjusted from 13% to 17%. Both cohesion and friction angle of cemented soil increased with cement content, and exponential function was adopted to correlate both the factors with cement content. For cement content of 10% investigated in this study, the optimum nano-MgO content was 10‰, wherein the cohesion could reach the peak value. The microstructure of the mixture revealed that the structure of the mixture was compacted for the optimum nano-MgO content. However, micro-cracks were formed when the amount of nano-MgO exceeded its optimum content.     

Dynamic characteristics of marine soft clay under variable phase difference and initial static shear stress

Abstract

Under seismic loading, the soil layer is subjected to multidirectional cyclic shear stress with different amplitudes and frequencies because of the coupling of multiple shear waves and the soil element within a slope or behind a retaining wall is subjected to initial static shear stress before subjected to cyclic loading. Due to the complexity of seismic loading propagation, a phase difference exists between the initial static shear stress and cyclic shear stress. To investigate the influence of the phase difference and initial static shear stress on cyclic shear strain, cyclic modulus, and cyclic strength, a series of laboratory tests are performed on Wenzhou marine soft clay by multi-directional simple shear system, which can simulate the actual state better by controlling the horizontal cyclic stress in the x and y directions simultaneously. As the phase difference varies from 0° to 90°, the dynamic shear modulus increases and cyclic strain accumulation decreases with an increasing number of cycles. The shear strain increases with the initial shear stress.     

Undrained monotonic shear behavior of marine soft clay after long-term cyclic loading

Abstract

In the coastal area, nearshore and offshore structures have been or will be built in marine soft clay deposits that have experienced long-term cyclic loads. Therefore, the mechanical behavior of marine clay after long-term cyclic loading needs to be investigated. In this research, a series of monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests were carried out to investigate the postcyclic mechanical behavior of the marine soft clay. The postcyclic water pore pressure, shear strength and secant stiffness are discussed by comparing the results with the standard monotonic test (without cyclic loading). It is very interesting that the postcyclic behavior of marine soft clay specimen is similar to the behavior of overconsolidated specimen, that is, the specimen shows apparent overconsolidation behavior after long-term cyclic loading. Then relationship between the overconsolidation ratio and the apparent overconsolidation ratio is established on the basis of the theory of equivalent overconsolidation. Finally, a validation formula is proposed which can predict the postcyclic undrained shear strength of marine soft clay.     

南海东北部C型内孤立波的观测与分析

基于布放在南海东北部陆坡海域的5套潜标观测到的内孤立波波列数据和孤立波扰动KdV(PKdV)理论,研究内孤立波在趋浅陆架上的传播特征。得出如下结果:1)观测到的内孤立波属于C型内孤立波,即平均重现周期为(23.41±0.31)h。2)内孤立波在西传爬坡过程中,其振幅表现为先增大后减小再增大,与该海域温跃层深度的变化趋势一致;由观测数据和理论计算得到的孤立波振幅增长率(SAGR)数值接近,表明该海域的内孤立波的振幅变化可以采用由孤立波PKdV方程导出的趋浅温跃层理论来描述。3)随着水深变浅,内孤立波传播方向向北偏移,传播速度减小,即在A,B和D站位,传播方向分别为279°,296°和301°,偏转角度达22°;传播速度分别为2.36,2.23和1.47 m/s,减小38%。     

中国东部海域冬季风场与海浪场的关联特征分析

利用WAVEWATCHⅢ海浪模式模拟的1993-2011年中国东部海域19 a冬季逐日海浪场资料以及同期CCMP逐日风场资料,采用奇异值分解(SVD)的方法分析了冬季中国东部海域海浪场与提前0~5 d的东亚大陆地面风场的关联特征。结果发现:海浪场与提前1 d的地面风场的关联更有意义;SVD第一模态和第二模态分别反映了贝加尔湖以东南下的反气旋式偏北扰动大风(或气旋式偏南扰动大风)和中国东部平原入海的气旋式扰动风场(或反气旋式扰动风场)对中国东部海域海浪的扰动影响。此外,SVD分析还揭示了冬季影响中国东部海域海浪的大风关键区和移动路径;随着时间的推移,大风关键区从贝加尔湖以东逐步由蒙古南下影响中国东北和华北地区,最后到达中国东部海域。     

菲与纳米银对胶州湾表层沉积物反硝化作用的复合毒性效应评价

多环芳烃(PAHs)与纳米材料污染已对沉积物生态系统和人类生存环境构成严重威胁,其复合污染的毒性效应环境危害可能更大。为了深入探讨PAHs与纳米材料对近岸表层沉积物反硝化作用的复合毒性效应,本文选取位于胶州湾(JZB)的大沽河河口区(DRE)E站和湾内S站,分别以菲和纳米银代表PAHs和纳米材料,通过测定不同剂量单一及复合污染下沉积物反硝化潜势(PDA)的变化,结合浓度相加模型(CA)、独立作用模型(IA)和中效/联合指数等效图法(CI)三种复合毒性评价方法,评价菲和纳米银对沉积物反硝化潜势的复合毒性效应,并对评价方法进行了优选。结果表明,两种污染物浓度越高,对研究区域反硝化潜势的抑制作用越大。菲、纳米银单一及复合作用下对河口区沉积物反硝化潜势的EC50值分别为44.62、112.49和64.86 mg·kg-1,对湾内分别为61.79、147.05和96.18 mg·kg-1。菲单一作用对反硝化潜势的抑制效应强于纳米银,但复合污染的抑制效应更强。两种污染物对河口区的沉积物反硝化潜势抑制效应强于湾内,可能与河口区具有较高Eh和沉积物颗粒度及较低的pH、盐度和有机质含量有关。三种毒性效应评价方法的结果表明,菲和纳米银的复合污染对2个站位反硝化潜势的毒性效应均为协同作用,且对大沽河河口区的协同作用更强。此外,CI法对复合效应的预测结果比CA和IA法更为接近实际观测值,且CI不需要考虑污染物作用模式的限制,因此认为CI法更适用于评价混合污染对沉积物反硝化作用复合影响的效果。本研究结果表明,菲和纳米银会增强彼此对反硝化菌及反硝化功能的毒性效应,由此推断,PAHs和纳米材料在环境中同时存在时比其单独存在对沉积环境的危害更大。