基于S变换和瞬时旅行时属性的自动初至拾取方法研究

地震波走时拾取是地震资料前期处理过程中的一个重要步骤,同时也是后期层析成像方法中计算速度的重要依据。本文提出了一种新的自动初至拾取的方法,利用地震信号的瞬时旅行时属性进行地震波自动初至拾取,瞬时旅行时属性的计算包括两个独立但相关联的部分,首先通过S变换将地震信号转换到时频域,然后利用映射算子将时频域表征映像回时间域得到瞬时旅行时,从而实现自动拾取初至。理论模型和实际地震资料处理的结果表明,该方法可以有效地拾取地震波初至时间。     

基于模拟退火法的弯曲射线追踪

提出了一种新的射线追踪方法——模拟退火法.新方法不仅较好地解决了传统射线追踪方法过分依赖初始模型的问题,而且对于复杂速度场模型也能保证在固定的发射与接收点之间构建令人满意的射线路径及其相应的走时,搜索到满足旅行时全局最小的射线路径.此外,新方法还可计算局部最小旅行时,并可方便地通过指定射线经过固定点来对射线路径进行限制...     

基于多参数差分相关的海洋时序观测数据滤波算法

随着海洋研究的不断深入,对观测的数据质量要求越来越高,为了有效降低实测数据的不确定性,该文以海水CO₂分压测算的关键因子温度和盐度的相关实测数据为例,针对仪器平台能够进行多参数同步观测的特点,在假设观测指标的变化在较小的时间空间范围内为一平稳过程的基础上,通过ADF平稳性检验理论证实了大部分原始观测序列满足二阶差分平稳性假设,在此基础上提出了一种基于观测序列差分统计特征的测量数据不确定性的表达方式,以及对离异点数据进行识别和多参数差分相关联合滤波的算法。与常用滤波算法对比分析表明,提出的新算法能够有效融合参数间的相关信息,降低序列的不确定性,并且最大程度地保护原始测量数据。     

Robust source localization in shallow water based on vector optimization

Owing to the multipath effect, the source localization in shallow water has been an area of active interest. However, most methods for source localization in shallow water are sensitive to the assumed model of the underwater environment and have poor robustness against the underwater channel uncertainty, which limit their further application in practical engineering. In this paper, a new method of source localization in shallow water, based on vector optimization concept, is described, which is highly robust against environmental factors affecting the localization, such as the channel depth, the bottom reflection coefficients, and so on. Through constructing the uncertainty set of the source vector errors and extracting the multi-path sound rays from the sea surface and bottom, the proposed method can accurately localize one or more sources in shallow water dominated by multipath propagation. It turns out that the natural formulation of our approach involves minimization of two quadratic functions subject to infinitely many nonconvex quadratic constraints. It shows that this problem (originally intractable) can be reformulated in a convex form as the so-called second-order cone program (SOCP) and solved efficiently by using the well-established interior point method, such as the software tool, SeDuMi. Computer simulations show better performance of the proposed method as compared with existing algorithms and establish a theoretical foundation for the practical engineering application.     

精密三角高程测量法在武咸城际铁路勘测中的应用

水准测量传递高程适合在地势平坦的地区,如果地形复杂通视条件差,水准法就会受到限制。在武咸铁路勘测中,采用全站仪精密三角高程测量法,通过同时对向观测,消除或减弱了大气折光、仪器高量取误等误差的影响,达到了二等水准测量的精度要求,证明用精密三角高程测量法代替二等水准测量是可行的。     

共反射面元叠加的实现途径及流程

共反射面元叠加的思路是借助于相近共反射点道集之间的相似性,在相应的相干区内依据相邻CMP数据所生成的超CMP道集,凭借其高覆盖次数自身所具有的压制噪音功能,可大幅度地提高地震资料信噪比和分辨率．近年来。这一思路已在国内外受到广泛重视,并被视为今后深层地震资料处理方法的重要发展途径;然而已有的共反射面元叠加方法需要通过相干优化以确定所必需的三个属性参数,致使计算量甚大,且仅局限于小炮检距．为了克服这些不足,本文提出了基于速度深度模型的CRS叠加方法及流程,理论模型验证表明,本文的方法能够提高剖面的信噪比,增加反射波同相轴的连续性．     

Numerically obtained vortices in granular media

With our meshfree numerical code SPARC (Soft PARticle Code), which is based on strong solutions of the equations of equilibrium, we were able to derive vortex patterns ("turbulence") in deformations hitherto believed to be homogeneous. The formation of such vortices demonstrates the nonuniqueness of the corresponding boundary value problem. We present some evidence that such vortices can be related with ptygmatic folds, which are observed in rock.     

地震观测传递函数的精度问题

数字地震观测的传递函数由反馈地震计和地震数据采集器的传递函数合成。地震数据采集器的传递函数主要用数字算法生成,其精度可以做得很高。反馈地震计是机电一体化的模拟传感部件,其传递函数的精度和稳定性均欠佳。尤其是由反馈地震计生成的主导二阶极点,对应传统地震观测的周期和阻尼两个重要参数,其精度和稳定性往往较低,不利于地震学研究深入发展的需要。以四川地震观测的标定数据为例,说明数字地震观测传递函数的精度和稳定性急待改进。