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同沉积断裂构造对沉积相展布的控制——以黄河口凹陷沙三中亚段沉积相研究为例

研究表明,黄河口凹陷沙河街组三段中亚段发育的沉积相类型有辫状河三角洲相、扇三角洲相、湖底扇相和湖泊相。同沉积断裂特征对沉积具有控制作用,陡坡带活动盆缘断裂控制扇三角洲的分布,缓坡带活动盆缘断裂控制辫状河三角洲分布;二级断裂对湖底扇和深水沉积区有明显的控制作用,东部断阶带中部发育的F20东西向同沉积断裂,控制了物源的主要注入通道——沟谷,对东部物源的注入具有长期影响。     

DL101C数字水准仪在二等水准测量中的精度分析

介绍了数字水准仪的测量原理,根据工作经验提出了使用数字水准仪进行高精度水准测量应注意的若干问题,将DL101C数字水准仪应用于二等水准测量任务并对其测量精度进行了分析。结果表明,该数字水准仪具备较高的测量精度,能够很好的用于高精度水准测量。最后提出了一些实际作业中的使用建议。     

Features of different types of seismic events in China’s Capital Region

Seismic records produced by different seismic sources vary. In this study, we compared the waveform records and time-frequency characteristics of tectonic earthquakes, artificial explosions, and mine collapses in China’s Capital Region. The results show that tectonic earthquakes are characterized by stronger S-wave energy than P-wave energy, obvious high-frequency components, and wide frequency bands of P and S waves. Artificial explosions are characterized by greater P-wave amplitude than S-wave amplitude and near-station surface wave development. Mine collapses are characterized by lower overall frequency, more obvious surface waves, and longer duration. We extracted quantitative discriminants based on the analysis of different event records, with 31 feature values in 7 categories (P/S maximum amplitude ratio, high/low frequency energy ratio, P/S spectral ratio, corner frequency, duration, the second-order moment of spectrum, and energy strongest point). A comparison of the ability of these feature values to recognize distinct events showed that the 6–17 Hz P/S spectral ratio was able to completely distinguish artificial explosions from the other two types of events. The S-wave corner frequency performed relatively well in identifying all three types of events, with an accuracy of over 90%. Additionally, a support vector machine was used to comprehensively distinguish multiple features, with an accuracy for all three types of events reaching up to 100%.     

边坡稳定分析刚体有限元上限法的锥规划模型

极限分析方法是土边坡稳定性分析的重要方法之一。刚体有限元上限法是其中的一类,此类方法仍旧存在一些关键问题需要完善。由于单元的刚性假设,系统的塑性变形内能耗散仅发生在单元间的界面上,故此类方法的性能主要取决于界面的布局,即采用非结构化三角形单元计算往往精度较差。为此,提出了基于滑动面摄动的刚体有限元上限法及临界滑动面的搜索方法。首先,在考虑刚体转动的基础上构造刚体有限元上限法的二阶锥规划模型,用于确定在给定试滑动面条件下的运动许可速度场。其次,将试滑动面的控制参数视为决策变量,建立搜索临界滑动面的非线性非凸优化问题模型,并采用非线性单纯形方法和粒子群方法求解此优化问题找出临界滑动面。通过经典边坡稳定问题的分析求解,验证了所提出的新方法,进一步证实了网格类型（即界面的布局）是影响刚体有限元上限法计算精度的主要因素。经过计算结果的对比发现,在刚体有限元上限法中考虑刚体转动是非常必要的,不仅可以提高刚体有限元上限法的计算精度,还可以克服此方法对界面布局的依赖性。