不发达地区区域开发的几个理论问题

本文在论述区域发展一般原理的基础上,分析了不发达地区的特殊性、不发达地区经济起飞必须具备的前提条件,肯定了国家干预对不发达地区开发的作用,提出了不发达地区区域开发的目标选择及综合开发战略。     

Quality Assessment of Frozen Solenocera crassicornis Treated with Sodium Metabisulphite by Soaking or Spraying

The present work was carried out to evaluate the safety of shrimp(Solenocera crassicornis)treated with different concentrations of sodium metabisulfite(SMB)by soaking or spraying during frozen storage.Shrimps soaked in higher concentrations of SMB showed higher sensory scores,lower total color differences,and better anti-melanosis effects than shrimps in the control and other treatment groups throughout frozen storage(−18℃).Lower total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and higher salt soluble protein contents were detected in shrimp soaked with high doses of SMB compared with other samples.In addition,lower counts of total aerobic plates and psychrotrophic bacteria were observed in shrimp treated by soaking with higher doses of SMB than those in control shrimp and shrimp treated with other methods during frozen storage(−18℃).However,the SO2 content of 5%SMB-soaked samples exceeded the maximum allowable limit of 100mgkg−1.Overall,the use of 1.5%SMB soaking to treat shrimp results in good antioxidant and antimicrobial effects and,thus,may be suggested to preserve S.crassicornis under frozen conditions.The results of this study present important guidance on the use of SMB to maintain the quality of marine-trawling shrimp from manufacturing to consumption.     

含水量对高含冰量冻结砂土屈服面的影响

Previous researches on yield properties of frozen soil rarely consider the change of water content. However,water content often changes in practical engineering. So a series of triaxial compressive tests are con⁃ ducted on ice-rich frozen silty sands at -5. 0 ℃ to investigate systemically the effect of water content on yield properties and then to establish a relationship between deviatoric stress and shear strain with change of water con⁃ tent. The experimental results show that with water content changing,there are obvious changes in the stress-strain curves,which show that water content has different influence on hardening law in different ranges of water content. So the concrete form about yield function should be determined according to ranges of plastic shear strain（hardening parameter）and water content to make the yield function simple and accurate. When plastic shear strain is within 1. 00%,deviatoric stress always increases with water content. However,with water con⁃ tent increasing,deviatoric stress firstly decreases and then increases when plastic shear strain is beyond 1. 00%. And water content of 42. 0% can be regard as a turning point. The yield function and the increment type relation between deviatoric stress and shear strain have been established with change of water content by segmented hard⁃ ening principle. The testing results show that experimental values are basically consistent with simulated values. So they can be used to predict yield-surfaces and deviatoric stress-shear strain curves at different water contents. © 2019 Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology. All rights reserved.     

Revision of thickness design of cylindrical frozen walls considering frost heave

This paper outlines development of the thickness design of cylindrical frozen walls in artificial ground freezing (AFG). A plain strain mechanical model coupled with infinite surrounding soil and rock ...     

北美五大湖区晚更新世劳伦泰德冰盖演化年代学综述及石英光释光测年的初步尝试

北美五大湖区的安大略湖北岸Don Valley Brickyard、Scarborough Bluffs、Bowmanville Bluffs剖面共同构成了北美东北部最长也是最厚的陆地第四纪沉积记录, 较完整地记录了晚更新世劳伦泰德冰盖(the Laurentide Ice Sheet)的演化. 晚更新世劳伦泰德冰盖演化的重建有赖于这些经典剖面中重要沉积地层单元的准确年代学控制. 传统的地层年代学主要是依靠少量¹⁴C年代, 将主要的混杂堆积单元(diamicton)解释为气候变冷环境下的冰川扩张, 并与指示全球冰量变化的深海氧同位素曲线一一比对建立起来的. 这样建立起来的年代学存在很大的不确定性. 20世纪80-90年代的少量热释光年代也不相吻合, 最近的13个长石红外释光定年则只集中于Bowmanville Bluffs的一个分层, 并未建立整个剖面的地层年代学, 使这些经典沉积剖面的年代学一直没有得到系统的建立. 应用石英光释光SAR-SGC法测试了Bowmanville Bluffs剖面Glaciofluvial Sand单元的2个冰水沉积样品, 年代结果分别为(41.6±3.8) ka、(48.1±4.4) ka, 分析表明这一年代结果偏老, 石英颗粒可能晒褪不完全. 由于大测片无法识别晒褪不完全的颗粒, 因此, 测试更多的剖面序列的光释光年代并尝试采用粗颗粒小测片或单颗粒技术解决样品颗粒晒褪不完全的问题将是必要的.     

大直径杯型冻土壁温度场数值分析

结合南京地铁10号线过江隧道盾构始发工程,运用有限元软件建立三维数值模型,对大直径杯型冻土壁温度场的发展与分布规律进行研究,分析不同因素对该温度场的影响规律,比较研究不同土层下该温度场的降温规律。数值计算表明:在设计冻结方案下,杯型冻土帷幕厚度满足加固范围要求,开始交圈时间由早到迟依次为外圈管中圈管内圈管,形成闭合大直径杯型冻结帷幕的时间为12 d;冻结壁交圈时间随导热系数的增大而线性减小,随容积热容量和原始地温的增大而线性增大,原始地温每升高5℃,冻结壁交圈时间增加约1 d;相变潜热变化对冻结初期和后期土体降温过程几乎没有影响;不同土层降温速度由快到慢分别为砂土水泥土黏土水泥土,砂土黏土;砂土水泥土与砂土、黏土水泥土与黏土几乎同时达到相变阶段;无论水泥改良与否,砂土总比黏土的开始交圈时间早4 d。所得结果为今后类似工程设计提供了理论依据。     

GPM和TRMM卫星日降水数据在黄河源区的适用性分析

通过评估GPM计划三种日降水产品(IMERG-E、IMERG-L和IMERG-F)和TRMM卫星、两种日降水产品(TMPA 3B42和TMPA 3B42RT)在黄河源及其周边区域38个台站的适用性,探究了五种产品探测精度和海拔高度及雨强的相关关系,结果表明:在与实测资料的一致性和偏差方面,GPM卫星产品要全面优于TMP...     

蚌埠-凤阳地区构造格架与找矿方向研究

在蚌埠-凤阳浅覆盖区,依据重磁异常进行地质构造解释,基本查明了构造格架,确定了新的找矿方向。研究结果表明,蚌埠复背斜构造轴线为向南凸出的弧形,西部地区走向北西西,与蚌埠隆起构造线一致,中部凤阳县城地区走向近东西,东部地区走向北东。郯庐断裂构造的左行牵引作用是引起轴线变化的主要原因。由此圈定了蚌埠岩体隐覆边界线和凤阳县-总铺构造岩浆热液活动带范围。编制了蚌埠-凤阳地区物探推断基岩构造纲要图。提出了蚌埠岩体接触带、构造岩浆热液活动带和重要断裂带交汇部位为找矿有利地区,为该区指明了找矿方向。     

华北山地多成因壶穴初步研究——对华北山地“冰臼”等“冰川地貌”的讨论

华北山地“距今二、三百万年”的“冰臼”绝大部分位于第四纪河谷内,“距今1～2万年”的“冰川壶穴”位于全新世河谷内,与华北山地地貌演化相矛盾;所谓的“冰川地貌”组合不是真正的地貌组合,而是不同时代、不同成因地貌的混合,因此,华北山地不存在冰臼.所谓的“冰臼”是不同时代、多种成因的壶穴——距今2.50Ma前后的河蚀壶穴,距今10～ 20 ka的雪蚀壶穴,距今10ka以来的溶蚀穴、溶蚀—河蚀壶穴、风化—风蚀壶穴、现代壶穴和水潭.     

一种冻土区天然气水合物地球化学勘查新技术——惰性气体氦氖分析

开发不受沼泽微生物影响的地球化学勘查技术是提高中纬度冻土区天然气水合物探井预测成功率的重要课题之一。本文选择在祁连山聚乎更天然气水合物已知区进行惰性气体勘查技术实验,研究了氦氖的测试方法,实验区为高寒沼泽景观,面积150km~2,采样密度2点/km~2,采样深度60cm,采集土壤顶空气样品300件和DK-3井岩芯样品400件,应用色谱反吹技术对顶空气样品进行了惰性气体氦氖的分析。结合地质和地球化学勘查成果进行了综合解释,认为惰性气体异常与天然气水合物矿藏关系密切,与烃类异常浓度范围一致,为顶部异常模式。实验区天然气水合物矿藏11个水合物发现井有10个位于He、Ne异常内,1个井位于异常外。分析了天然气水合物岩芯顶空气轻烃和氦氖指标的垂向分布特征,提出了天然气水合物矿藏上方土壤惰性气体的地气迁移机理。研究区近地表氦氖异常源于深部水合物矿藏和断裂构造,不受沼泽微生物的影响,是冻土区天然气水合物勘查的一种有效技术。