“数字鸿沟”与地球信息科学的应对

2003年上半年连续出现的全球性突发事件,是对我国的严峻考验。面对严峻复杂的世界形势,地球信息科学可以大有作为,如建设各类型的地理信息系统,以增强应变能力,制定长远规划,加强基础研究和数据储备,将地球信息科学的先进技术和成果应用于国家应对突发事件和政府决策,提出强强联合,共同攻克难关。     

关于国家自然科学基金项目申报的思考和建议

对国家自然科学基金作了简单的介绍,并分析了我省气象部门在申报基金项目方面的几点优势,最后提出了几点建议,以期对项目的申报工作有所帮助。     

The accuracy of a river bed moulding/casting system and the effectiveness of a low-cost digital camera for recording river bed fabric

Digital photogrammetry has been used to develop and test an artificial river bed moulding and casting system, which allows the pebbles within a coarse-grain river bed to be recreated for hydraulic research in a laboratory flow channel or flume. Imagery of both the original streambed and the cast facsimile was acquired using a non-metric Kodak DCS460 digital camera and digital elevation models and orthophotographs were derived and compared to assess the accuracy of the moulding and casting system. These comparative tests proved to be critical in modifying and developing the system.
Additional imagery was obtained in the field using a non-metric Olympus C3030 'compact' digital camera to assess whether far cheaper camera technology could deliver data appropriate for such comparative examinations. Internal calibration parameter sets and data that were generated were compared with data obtained by the non-metric Kodak DCS460. These tests demonstrate that digital sensors built around high-quality 35 mm professional camera bodies and lenses are required for comparative examinations and for similar system development.     

论科技期刊的版式美学

应用美学原理并结合实践中的体会,阐释了科技期刊版式设计应具有的4个特点,即整体性、结构性、主体性、时间性特点。在总体设计上应追求格式一致与节奏变化的统一,整体性与连贯性的统一,最基本的原则是形式美应符合内容美的要求。在科技期刊版式设计中,要自觉地运用5条形式美学原理:黄金分割比例;对比与调和;对称和均衡;节奏与韵律;多样统一与微差。     

Towards a critical political geography of African development

In this paper we aim to rethink the political geography of African development at the beginning of the 21st century. Central to our thesis are two intertwining legacies, paralleling Edward Said’s Orientalism. The first is the construction of Africa in the western imagination and the second is an enduring trusteeship towards the continent. The core movement we seek to critique and move beyond is the complicity between racialised knowledges about Africa and a series of political interventions that seek to ‘help’ Africans to develop. The paper begins by examining the legacy of colonialism in the policies towards and representations of Africa. Although selective and schematic we argue that what unites these power–knowledge constructions is a sense of trusteeship towards the continent. The next step is to look at ways of decolonising our knowledges as a means to effect more appropriate political engagement with Africa. For this we touch on a range of theoretical positions, but look most closely at the corpus of post-colonial theory for ways of doing this. While not uncritical of post-colonialism we find it potentially useful for destabilising western authority and in addressing questions of popular agency and cultural constructions of exclusion. From here we attempt a reformulation which addresses the role of the state, the politics of place and space, and the ways in which ‘we’––professional geographers––might go about our work.     

新型工业化道路与科学技术

走新型工业化道路，是我国全面建设小康社会的必然选择。文章论述了新型工业化道路的基本内涵和特征。指出走新型工业化道路要立足国情，面向世界，充分发挥后发优势，特别注重发挥科学技术作为第一生产力的作用。     

‘Through children’s eyes’: childhood, place and the fear of crime

This article seeks to bring young respondents more sharply into focus by considering fear of crime ‘through children’s eyes’. By incorporating children’s perspectives it is argued that more inclusive and integrative community safety initiatives may arise. Inspired by the recent flowering of research undertaken in childhood studies by social and cultural geographers, the study seeks to make a theoretical, empirical and spatial contribution to debates in the field. Based on the findings of a large-scale school survey, the responses indicate that children have an acute place-based sensitivity to a range of highly relevant community safety issues. This includes detailed reflections concerning the place of policing, boredom, youth gangs, motorcars and drugs in their neighbourhoods. It is suggested that the inclusion of children’s accounts into geographical debates not only enriches our knowledge of childhood studies, but also adds detail and texture to our understandings of fear of crime.     

新形势下的地震科技档案管理与归档

论述了在新形势下地震科技档案管理与归档，以及如何提高科技人员的归档意识。     

Faulting and slope failures in surface coal mining—some examples from North East England

The shallow terrestrial Coal Measures strata of North East England have been faulted and tectonised by geological events (orogenies), and are divided by faulting and the River Tyne valley into the Northumberl and and Durham coalfields. The type of faulting is almost exclusively normal faulting, with close spacings and complex geometries being prevalent. These coalfields are generally overlain by glacial deposits. Surface coal mining, as a mechanised operation, has been carried out in this region for about the last 60 years. The earliest workings were on a relatively small scale, and faulting and geologically complex ground was avoided as far as possible; but with time, the introduction of progressively larger excavation plant has led to ever larger and deeper surface mines, and working in faulted ground has become commonplace. Detailed ground investigations by drilling and geophysical logging are carried out to prove the geological structure. The gradient of bedding dips usually determines whether the coal should be mined by opencast dip or strike cuts, or by open-pit working, but the choice of excavation face alignments with respect to faulting can be critical. Faces aligned near parallel with faults tend to suffer failures, whereas faces aligned near perpendicular to faults tend to be stable. The types of slope instabilities which are associated with normal faulting comprise planar failures (including bi-planar and multi-planar), toppling failures, tetrahedral wedge failures and complex endwall failures. Endwalls formed against faults are especially likely to become unstable, and can become very problematic if located close to mining area boundaries where important natural or infrastructure features may exist. Several case studies are included to illustrate these points.     

Political ecology, territoriality and scale

This essay serves as an introduction to this theme issue of GeoJournal and provides a framework for the contributed papers. Territoriality and scale, the essay argues, offer key analytics in approaching the spatiality of the ecological existence of human and non-human beings in their common `house' (oikos), thus of culture-nature relations generally. Such a focus, it bears emphasis, need not reproduce a naturalization of the modern culture-nature binary, but could, as is argued, remind `we moderns' that there is not only one nature (as little as there is only one culture), but a plurality of natures, which can serve the most varied of purposes. However, these spatialities do usually not and can very often not correspond to the spatialities of human activities, particularly to the territorialities and their orders/structures of scale in politico-administrative activities. The scalar literature within political geography, however, has for the most part seen its role as addressing human social relations in its analysis of contestations over power, space, and territory. A political ecology of scale, by contrast, will of necessity need to broaden the terrain of that discussion to include a variety of actors, human and non-human, involved in this broader network. Environmental conservation offers an important illustration of this problematic. A territorial, scalar, and non-modern understanding of ecological regimes is neccesary, argues this essay and the bundle of case studies that follow, because there is no `conservation' outside of a particular politics and geography of ecology.