石油勘探开发数据元管理技术

ISO对数据元管理方面只规定注册管理,缺少数据元质量控制技术、分类管理、数据元搜索技术,难以满足实际应用需要.给出基于语义的石油勘探开发数据元管理架构;以基于油田领域本体的数据元语义形式化定义为基础,提出数据元质量控制模型、数据元分类模式、数据元搜索服务等管理技术.该技术已经应用于中国石化石油勘探开发数据元管理中.     

典型农区农用地承包经营权流转价格及对策研究(英文)

河南既是农业大省又是中国重要的粮食主产区,农用地流转顺畅及适度规模经营对区域经济发展和国家粮食安全产生重要影响。借助于土地使用权评估的基本方法,并使用土地承包经营权的权属特性进行修正,构建了土地承包经营权流转价格模型,并对典型区域沁阳市西万村进行了实证分析。结果表明,土地承包经营权流转价格应该包括经济价格、社会价格和修正价格。价格模型的应用,应甄别理论价格和实际流转费用的区分,农用地流转后经营项目没有转变,流转价格为经济价格和社会保障价格是总和。农用地流转后经营项目发生转变,比如耕地改种经济作物,流转价格则是经济价格、社会价格与修正价格三者的总和。收益分配格局存在复杂性,流转收益应在流出方、流入方、管理者和所有者之间合理、公平分配。政府应建立合理有序的农用地承包经营权流转市场,并以农用地流转市场为载体,构建农用地流转价格体系。     

新疆天池景区生态安全度时空分异特征与驱动机制

本研究基于2000、2010年新疆天池风景名胜区的TM遥感影像、2000-2010年新疆统计年鉴、野外实地调查等数据,构建研究区的景观生态安全度,采用ESDA、半变异函数空间分析、逐步回归等方法,分析各样点景观生态安全度的时空演变特征,探讨导致格局演变的驱动机制。结果表明:① 2000-2010年,高景观生态安全度范围由南向北转移;中景观生态安全度区域由南北向中部集中;低景观生态安全度呈现由南向北扩散的趋势。② 景观生态安全度全局空间自相关较显著,随时间演变,空间集聚水平降低;局域空间自相关呈现集群分布向随机分布转变的趋势。③ 变程范围内,景观生态安全度值的各向异性与弱空间相关性特点是结构性因素和随机性因素综合作用的结果。④ 经度、纬度、海拔因子对景观生态安全度的影响显著;放牧、旅游以及政策活动影响景观生态安全度中小尺度格局,对景观生态安全度的演变有重要影响。     

塔里木河下游生态保护目标和措施

针对2000-2009年塔里木河下游10次生态输水后生态环境的变化情况,提出新的生态保护目标：在距河500 m以内以胡杨(Populus euphratica)为主的重点保护带,地下水埋深保持在≤4 m,植被总盖度达到0.4~0.5;500~1 000 m为基本保护带,以柽柳(Tamarix spp.)为主,地下水埋深为4~6 m,植被总覆盖度达到0.3以上;＞1 000 m为一般保护带,随着输水累积量增加,地下水埋深达到6~8 m,使现有植被不再退化;沿河两岸1 000 m的植被保护恢复总面积应达到1 028 km2;用水均衡法和潜水蒸散法重新估算的大西海子的下泄水量为2.3×108 m3 ,比原规划减少了1.2×108 m3 ,其中2.0×108 m3为维护生态所用,另外还有0.15×108~0.3×108 m3为向台特玛湖输水的水量;应保持输水连续性,大西海子以下年泄水量不小于0.36×108 m3;为了保证向下游输水,必须加强水资源调控,通过整治源流,使到达干流的水量为44.2×108 m3 ,干流严禁开荒,加强对防护堤修建后生态环境变化的监测,下游采用漫溢漂种增加植被面积。     

旅游地居民对主题景区旅游影响的感知与态度——以常州环球恐龙城为例

以常州环球恐龙城为例,利用因子分析、回归分析和聚类分析等方法,研究了旅游地居民对主题景区旅游影响的感知与态度。结果表明:①常州城市居民对环球恐龙城旅游影响的感知特征可归纳为“社会失序”、“文化素质提升”、“地方认同和生活环境改善”、“吸引力增强”、“综合效益提升”、“生活环境恶化”和“生活成本提高”等7个维度,居民对积极影响的感知强度整体上高于消极影响。②常州城市居民对环球恐龙城发展的态度与旅游影响感知密切联系,各感知因子对居民态度的不同维度有显著影响。③根据对环球恐龙城发展的态度,可将常州城市居民划分为“乐观支持者”、“理性支持者”、“谨慎支持者”、“冷漠态度者”等4种类型,总体来说,常州城市居民对环球恐龙城旅游发展的态度较为积极与理性。     

Variability and management patterns of range resources in the Baro River plain, Ethiopia

The biophysical environment of rangelands in the arid and semi-arid lowland parts of Africa is customarily viewed as a homogenous entity. Such notion has encouraged employing a blanket management approach. However, there are perceptible variations within them which necessitate site-specific range management. This study has attempted to identify the variability of soil and forage attributes and assess the existing management practices of those resources in the Baro River plain, Ethiopia. Sample transects, representing pre- and post-fire conditions, were used to collect composite soil samples and vegetation attributes. Alongside the physical survey, a household survey was undertaken to validate the laboratory-generated information. The result showed significant differences of soil and forage attributes among different management regimes, distances from river course and dominant cover types. In general, the distribution of soil nutrients showed a 'distance decay effect', while the distribution of pH showed the reverse pattern. Application of heavy fire load and congested grazing are the principal range management related factors. About 80 per cent of sample pastoralists employ heavy fire without due consideration for the sustainability of the range resource and without considering the local variability. Recognition of site-specific information is the key to effective management of range resources in the study area.     

Playing Lotto with Rotto? Tourism,the environment and gambling with the ethos of a Western Australian island

Rottnest Island is a popular holiday destination offshore from Perth, the capital city of Western Australia. Rottnest (or Rotto) attracts approximately 500 000 visitors annually. The island is managed by a statutory government authority, the Rottnest Island Authority (RIA), for the purposes of providing recreation and holiday facilities and services, and protecting its natural and cultural values. While there are advantages in management by one body, there appears to be a conflict in managing both the tourism business and the environment, largely as a result of funding issues. While further tourism development would boost the RIA's self-funded operating budget, increased pressures may compromise the island environment and the Rottnest ethos, which revolves around a relaxed and casual social ambiance. The RIA aims to develop Rottnest as a model for sustainability, but are dilemmas surrounding economic sustainability potentially risking the island's environmental and social sustainability? This paper concludes that in the pursuit of economic returns from tourism, Rottnest Island's environmental and social values face an uncertain future.     

The place of rural, remote and least-wealthy small islands in international water development: the nexus of geography–technology sustainability in Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia

Many least-wealthy, rural, remote and resource-poor small island communities are unlikely to benefit from high-profile global water improvement initiatives. Their small landmasses, geologic composition, geography, social and technological isolation, colonial history, and weak educational and financial resources constitute significant barriers to improving access to safe drinking water. This paper discusses the relatively unique position of such island societies in the international community, providing a case study of the Federated States of Micronesia that integrates data and information pertaining to water resources management and governance, spanning from the island village to national scale. A vision is offered regarding the interaction between small island human and biophysical water systems, manifesting ways to pursue water resource development to improve public health which are constructed to be economically, physically and culturally sustainable.     

The resilience and sustainability of local wetland management institutions in Illubabor and Western Wellega,Ethiopia

Local community based institutions that coordinate the management of natural resources have been linked to socioecological resilience, adaptation and sustainability within rural livelihood systems throughout the developing world. The resilience and sustainability of related local institutions, however, is influenced by their relationship with external actors and institutions, particularly in facilitating, supporting or hindering local institutional arrangements. From this standpoint, this paper examines the case of local community based institutions involved in wetland management in western Ethiopia. Drawing upon the findings of participatory fieldwork undertaken in eight wetland‐using communities of Illubabor and Western Wellega zones in Oromia Region it is argued that although local institutions do play a key role in coordinating wetland management and sustaining the benefits from wetlands, the sustainability and resilience of the institutions themselves is threatened by a range of factors. Despite their grassroots nature, their effectiveness is influenced by their reliance on local government backstopping that appears to have diminished in recent years, as well as a perceived lack of local government support for collective action over individual rights.