航空重力测量在近海区域的精度评估与分析

利用泊松积分法和点质量法对澳大利亚West Arnhem Land区域的航空重力测量数据进行了精度评估,两种方法得到精度结果基本一致,评估结果表明GT-1A测量系统2′分辨率数据的测量精度优于3×10-5 m/s2,5′分辨率数据的测量精度优于2×10-5 m/s2。利用交叉点平差和泊松积分法、点质量法对渤海区域的航空重力测量进行了内部交叉点平差和外部精度评估,结果表明,内部评估精度与外部评估精度存在一定的差异,以外部评估为准则,CHAGS测量系统在渤海区域5′分辨率的航空重力数据精度优于3.5×10-5 m/s2。综合国内外试验情况分析得到,在近海区域,航空重力数据的分辨率和精度受测量仪器的性能而不同,整体上对于5′分辨率数据而言,可以达到或优于3×10-5 m/s2的精度。     

暗通道先验去雾算法优化探讨

针对航空摄影测量技术中暗通道先验算法的局限性,该文总结了此算法的3个不足,并根据航空影像特点提出了对应的优化方案,即利用自动白平衡算法解决图像偏暗问题,用交替顺序滤波器和中值滤波器代替原算法的软抠图操作来降低去雾处理时间。实验结果表明,优化后的算法能达到很好的去雾效果,并且比原算法简单、耗时少。     

一种优化的极化SAR图像海面目标检测方法

提出一种优化的极化SAR图像海面目标检测方法,结合改进的极化SAR四分量分解中的螺旋散射分量与Wishart分类器,充分利用极化散射特性、结构特征、统计特性来进行目标的自动检测。同时通过纹理特征相似性克服了Wishart分类器在无目标海域检测时容易将强度值较高的海杂波误认为目标的缺陷。采用美国无人机UAVSAR在Mexico海域和巴拿马Barro Colorado Island海域获取的两组L波段全极化数据进行实验验证。实验结果表明:文中的优化方法能够较准确检测海面目标,很好地降低虚警率;同时解决了Wishart分类器在无目标海域发生错检的问题。     

GNSS-R海面目标成像仿真方法研究

结合物理光学法及传统复合电磁散射计算模型中的"四路径"方法,以GNSS信号为信号源,提出了一种基于高频散射理论的GNSS-SAR成像模型,建模过程考虑了多路径散射、遮蔽、漫散射等效应,较好地描述了电磁散射效应对海面场景GNSS-SAR成像的影响。根据电磁散射效应,分析了海面风速对成像效果产生的干扰情况,发现在本文仿真场景下,9 m/s风速海背景下的目标能够被识别出来,17 m/s风速海背景下的目标几乎淹没在海杂波中。     

GYROMAT 2000陀螺经纬仪定向程序探讨

本文对Gyromat 2000高精度自动陀螺经纬仪的定向程序进行了初步的探讨。首先介绍了自动陀螺仪定向的关键技术,如三点法和积分法观测原理,图解了步进测量的原理,这是分析定向程序的理论基础。接着对三个定向程序相关步骤的用时和精度进行了实测,并以测试结果为参照,对各定向程序进行了合理的猜测。本文的成果将对国产陀螺经纬仪的自动化进程起到一定的参考作用。     

随机Poisson方程Dirichlet大地边值问题的随机积分解

利用随机微分方程理论,给出了随机Poisson方程Dirichlet大地边值问题的随机积分解,讨论了随机与确定边值问题间的关联。对应视为随机过程的函数,若采用确定性边值问题求解,不确定性影响将被直接带入最终解中;若采用随机积分解,则类似Gauss白噪声的影响将被滤掉,这对进一步提高重力场的求解精度具有重要影响。     

北京市1:1万地形图建库及修测更新一体化工艺研究

为了加快数字北京建设的步伐,更好的满足社会、政府部门的应用需求,北京市测绘设计研究院建立了覆盖全北京市域的1:1万DLG空间数据库。数据库采用Oracle9i进行存储,通过ArcSDE8.3空间数据引擎对数据库进行管理访问。本文主要对前期数据的加工方法,后期的数据库维护以及增量更新方案的确定与应用进行了研究、讨论。     

普通数码相机构像畸变差两种检校模型的比较

针对普通数码相机两种畸变差检校模型,即考虑径、切向畸变的改正模型和Luca Lucchese畸变改 正模型,分别采用参数的序贯解法和整体解法计算两种畸变改正模型的参数,并通过试验分析比较了两种模型的 检校精度。结果表明作者提出的基于透视变换的畸变参数序贯解算的检测方法能起到良好的畸变差改正作用。     

星载GPS地球静止轨道卫星自主定轨的新算法

针对地球静止轨道卫星的特点，提出了一种自主定轨的新算法——积分滤波算法，即利用Kalman滤波进行动力学模型数值积分与GPS定轨的有效融合。讨论了该算法的基本过程及其中Kalman滤波的数学模型和重要参数。最后给出了仿真实验过程和结果，证明了该算法的可行性。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CHANGES OF ULTRASONIC CODA WAVE AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION DURING ROCK LOADING AND DEFORMATION

The coda wave propagation path has received extensive attention as it is more sensitive to small changes in the medium than the direct wave. During the process of loading, the wave velocity, medium or source changes may cause the coda wave to change. The physical mechanism of change in the ultrasonic coda wave varies during different deformation stages. Meanwhile, there exist local damages in the rock sample during the deformation, and it will be accompanied by acoustic emission. Combining the ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission is beneficial to characterize the coda wave characteristics and damage degree of the sample at different deformation stages. In this paper, three kinds of rocks, including granodiorite, marble and sandstone with the sizes of 50mm×50mm×150mm, are used to carry out observations of ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission during the whole process of loading so as to study characteristics of the coda wave at different deformation stages. The major results are given below: 1)There is a good correspondence between the coda wave variation and the acoustic emission evolution process. When the acoustic emission frequency increases, the coda wave changes accordingly. In particular, the coda wave changes in the early stages of increased acoustic emission frequency, which indicates that the early damage information of rock can be obtained by analysis of the coda wave. 2)The physical mechanism of the coda wave change is different in different deformation stages. At the initial stage of loading, there are obvious scatterer changes in the coda wave change; then, in the linear elastic deformation stage, the wave velocity change is dominating; in the late-stage of loading, the scatterer change increases and coexists with the wave velocity change, the scatterer change effect is related with the rock micro-fracture degree, the rock will locally be damaged before rupturing, and the role of the scatterer will be enhanced. 3)With the increase of loading, the amplitude of increase of the wave velocity generally decreases gradually, which is basically consistent with the understanding obtained through the direct wave. The interference of acoustic emission can be eliminated because of the Kaiser effect when analyzing the coda wave. The consistency of the wave velocity change and stress loading and unloading is further verified. 4)The micro-fracture generated during rock deformation will change the physical mechanism of the coda wave change, and the scatterer effect will be significantly enhanced. At the same time, the acoustic emission waveform will cause interference to the ultrasonic coda wave. This means that attention needs to be paid when analyzing rock damage using only coda wave data. In short, the ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission can reflect the damage inside the rock, and the change mechanism of the coda wave in different deformation stages is different. The joint observation of the two can play a mutual verification role, which is conducive to improving the reliability of the observation results.