方差分量估计建立整体估价价格体系的新方法

随着房地产市场的发展,房地产估价的研究逐渐深入。如何更好地、科学地、快速地对大量房地产价格进行评估已成为现实的问题。一般的平差模型对已有数据的利用率不高,当存在多类观测值时,不同观测值的随机模型的确定是否合理会严重影响结果的精度。基于房地产整体估价的思想,提出了方差分量估计建立价格体系的新方法。通过对两类观测值进行试验,一类通过比价系数求得价格差建立观测方程;一类由价格直接建立观测方程。结果分析表明,新方法能够实现不同观测值的权值自动调整,精度更高,可靠性更强。     

降水数据空间插值的时间尺度效应

介绍了克里金插值法的前提条件和基本原理,进行了对降水数据的插值试验,发现了时间尺度的改变比变异函数模型的改变对降水数据插值结果精度的影响更大。     

电子地图中居民地的多尺度显示

探讨了多尺度的含义，并将居民地多尺度表达的研究限定在详细程度的变化上；阐述了电子地图中居民地多尺度表达的基本原理，即在保持原图的分布特征和疏密对比的情况下按照居民地自身的分类分级和重要性程度进行一定数量的取舍；建立了居民地多尺度显示的模型，根据此模型提出了采用二级邻近点判别法结合Voronoi图进行居民地要素的显示等级设置的方法，并进行了相应的实验，结果表明该方法对居民地的分布特征、密度对比和延伸方向均能较好的保持。     

Estimation of elevation-dependent satellite antenna phase center variations of GPS satellites

A method for the estimation of the phase center variations of GPS satellite antennas using global GPS data is presented. First estimations have shown an encouraging repeatability from day to day and between satellites of the same block. Thus, two different satellite antenna patterns for Block II/IIA and for Block IIR with a range of about 4 cm and an accuracy of less than 1 mm could be found. The present approach allows the creation of a consistent set of receiver and satellite antenna patterns and phase center offsets. Thereby, it is possible to switch from relative to absolute phase center variations without a scale problem in global networks. This changeover has an influence on troposphere parameters, reduces systematic effects due to uncorrect antenna modeling and should diminish the elevation dependence of GPS results. AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Prof. G. Seeber (University of Hannover) and Dr. G. Wübbena (Geo++ GmbH) and their groups for their kindness in making available the absolute field calibration results derived from robot measurements.     

地理信息尺度的三重概念及其变换

提出了地理信息广义尺度的三重概念体系,解释了它们各自的涵义及其笛卡儿积的意义,讨论了广义尺度变换问题。     

局部地区小范围大比例尺地形图实测技术探讨

在工程测量的应用方面,经常会遇到很多特殊任务。例如各种观测站选址测绘,往往选在边远山区,虽然面积很小,但难度很大。本文以农安三岗观测站站址1∶500比例尺地形图的施测为例,探讨了局部地区小范围大比例尺地形图实测的技术问题。     

空间数据尺度转换方法与应用

首先提出了空间数据尺度转换的重要性和基本概念,总结归纳了常用的尺度转换方法;最后以河南理工大学为例,给出了不同尺度下空间数据精度损失。     

Evaluation of vertical seismic response for a large‐scale beam‐supported aqueduct

By the theories of potential flow and structural vibration, the formulae for evaluating the ‘wet’ (with water) frequencies and mode shapes of the beam‐supported aqueduct are derived through a simplified fluid‐structure interaction analysis. The time‐history formulae of structural responses to the vertical seismic excitation are obtained. Applying the response‐spectrum principle, the equivalent vertical earthquake load exerted on the beam and the corresponding effects are also derived. Several illustrative examples are conducted. The analytical results show that: (i) The ‘wet’ frequencies of the structure are lower than the corresponding ‘dry’ (without water) frequencies due to the participating water mass, but the ‘wet’ mode shapes are identical to the corresponding ‘dry’ ones. (ii) The water mass plays an important role in the vertical seismic response, which varies with the different geological sites. For the different seismic inputs, the deeper the water is, the greater are the structural responses. (iii) The vertical seismic effects on the beam are generally not too small to be neglected and should be considered in the structural designs of a beam‐supported aqueduct. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大比例尺城乡一体化土地调查综合技术的研究

本研究项目根据国家法规、规程和规定,以江阴市”数字国土”工程为研究对象,依靠3S现代测绘高新技术手段,对江阴市城镇1∶500、农村1∶1000进行地籍、地形和土地利用现状调查技术研究,建立城乡一体化地籍管理信息系统和基础地理信息系统,探索城乡一体化建设和维护更新等管理模式。     

Linear combinations of order statistics to estimate the position and scale parameters of the Generalized Pareto distribution

 Ad hoc techniques for estimating the position and the scale parameters of the Generalized Pareto distribution are introduced. The estimators proposed are simple linear combinations of the order statistics: they provide valuable estimates of the parameters of interest, both when the shape parameter is known and when it is unknown (this latter case being of great relevance in practical applications), and show a good performance as well when the sample size is small. The procedures are tested on simulated data, and comparisons with other techniques are shown.