大型矿山接替资源定位预测的途径及其研究意义

讨论了大型矿山接替资源定位预测研究的重要性,并从理论上、技术上、经济效益上以及实践上对其可行性进行了分析;阐述了隐伏矿体定位预测的指导思想、技术路线、方法和基本途径。     

Natural rock joint roughness quantification through fractal techniques

Accurate quantification of roughness is important in modeling hydro-mechanical behavior of rock joints. A highly refined variogram technique was used to investigate possible existence of anisotropy in natural rock joint roughness. Investigated natural rock joints showed randomly varying roughness anisotropy with the direction. A scale dependant fractal parameter, K _v, seems to play a prominent role than the fractal dimension, D _r1d, with respect to quantification of roughness of natural rock joints. Because the roughness varies randomly, it is impossible to predict the roughness variation of rock joint surfaces from measurements made in only two perpendicular directions on a particular sample. The parameter D _r1d × K _v seems to capture the overall roughness characteristics of natural rock joints well. The one-dimensional modified divider technique was extended to two dimensions to quantify the two-dimensional roughness of rock joints. The developed technique was validated by applying to a generated fractional Brownian surface with fractal dimension equal to 2.5. It was found that the calculated fractal parameters quantify the rock joint roughness well. A new technique is introduced to study the effect of scale on two-dimensional roughness variability and anisotropy. The roughness anisotropy and variability reduced with increasing scale.     

Scale‐dependency of hydraulic conductivity: an example from Thorne Moor,a raised mire in South Yorkshire,UK

The hydraulic conductivity (K) of many low permeability materials is strongly scale‐dependent. In raised mires and other types of peat deposit the effects of features such as abandoned infilled ditches, root holes and localized woody material, cause K to be heterogeneous and scale‐dependent. Despite this, field measurements are routinely made using auger hole (slug) tests at the scale of only a few tens of centimetres. Such measurements are locally valid, but where the regional subsurface movement of water through peat bogs is simulated using groundwater models, typically at the scale of hundreds of metres, they give rise to a systematic underestimate of flows and an overprediction of water table elevations. Until now, techniques to obtain values at a scale sufficiently large to include the effects of localized features of higher permeability have not been applied routinely. Research at Thorne Moor, a large raised mire, demonstrates that the K of peat varies over several orders of magnitude when measured at different scales, using a variety of techniques. Laboratory and auger hole tests cannot be relied upon to provide results that represent the hydraulic conductivity of large expanses of peatland. This has significant implications for the management and long‐term restoration of peatlands where both regional and local control of water levels is crucial. For groundwater models to be used successfully to plan such schemes, it is essential to apply the K values relevant to the scale of the simulation. This paper describes and tests novel techniques, using ditches, for the derivation of K at large scales which overcome many of the problems that have been identified with conventional techniques and are capable of producing estimates that are appropriate to the application of physically based regional flow models. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湖南深部构造活化及其浅部响应

湖南深部构造的古老性由其在古元古代的表象所证实,而长期性则由其所分割的岩石圈块体在漫长时期内的活化改造特征所体现。本研究表明,大型的深部构造是构造、岩浆活动和矿产的集中带,沿走向的区域构造、岩浆及成矿历史是深部构造在浅部的响应。深部构造作为多次能量释放带,其交汇处有利于大型或超大型矿物资源的形成和聚集,因而对找矿预测有巨大潜力。     

中国冬夏季模式降水方案的应用分析研究

通过对中国冬夏季各一次降水过程的模拟分析 ,研究了不同云降水方案在中国区域的应用特征。结果指出 ,夏季 ,Kain Fritsch(KF)和Betts Miller(BM)积云方案模拟产生的积云降水是有差异的 ,KF方案对本次连续降水过程的预报要优于BM方案 ;KF方案和BM方案可以使周围环境大气状况发生不同的变化 ,KF方案可以使周围环境大气变得更湿、上升气流更加深厚 ,更有利于网格尺度降水的产生 ,即不同积云对流方案对网格尺度降水具有重要的影响 ;冬季 ,中国北方大陆基本没有对流降水产生 ,不同积云对流方案对网格尺度降水预报的影响基本可以不予考虑 ,中国北方的冬季降水主要是由网格尺度降水构成的。     

遥感数据专题分类不确定性评价研究：进展、问题与展望

从遥感数据中提取专题类别信息是当前遥感数据最主要的应用领域之一。由于遥感分类专题信息广泛应用于各种领域，其数据质量受到越来越多的关注。不确定性是评价分类专题类别数据质量最主要的方面。回顾了遥感数据专题分类不确定性评价方法的历史，总结了当前各种评价方法及其指标体系，将这些方法归结为基于误差矩阵的方法、模糊评价方法、像元尺度上的不确定性评价方法和其它方法四大类。对每一类不确定性评价方法及其指标体系的优点和缺点进行了分析和总结，指出从理论方法研究方面，需要优先发展独立于分类方法的像元尺度上的遥感分类不确定性评价模型与指标体系，以及统一的遥感数据分类不确定性评价模型体系研究；在应用研究方面，需要加强优化空间采样设计和不确定性评价过程标准化研究。     

青藏高原大地形作用下的Rossby波

在对青藏高原大地形的动力和热力作用物理分析的基础上,着重分析了青藏高原地形坡度和非绝热和非绝热加热对二维Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波的影响。研究指出：高原地开坡度对Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波的作用与Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ参数的作用相当,而且其相速度和群速度之间存在一个圆的关系：（ｃｇｘ－ｃｘ）＾２＋ｃｇｙ＾２＝Ｒ＾２;高原加热作用与水平辐合作用相当。地形坡度和非绝热加热都有使二维Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波向低频发展的的趋向。     

A TIME FILTERING SCHEME FOR THE SHORT RANGE CLIMATE PREDICTION MODEL PRODUCTS AND ITS REAL CASE ANALYSIS

A filtering / extracting scheme for various timescale processes in short range climate model out-put is established by using the scale scattering method. And the climatological meanings as well as the importance of the filtered series are discussed. In the latter part of work, the effectiveness of the filtering method and the performance of the prediction model are analyzed through a real case.     

地壳不同深度温压条件下花岗岩变形破坏及声发射时序特征.

不同深度温压条件下的三轴压缩实验结果表明,花岗岩强度随深度持续增加直至30ｋｍ左右．在地壳浅表部位,岩石破坏表现为低压突发或准突发失稳,破坏前后有分布大体均匀的声发射（acoustic emission,以下简称AE）事件发生;向下进入以渐进式破坏为特征的深度范围时,破坏前基本没有或仅有很少的、随时间逐渐稀疏的AE分布,破坏后也仅有极少的AE被记录到;在更深的以高压准突发失稳为特征的深度范围,破坏前依然AE极少,但破坏后伴随不等周期粘滑应力降的产生而有较多的AE被记录到;在更高的温压条件下（约26ｋｍ）,破坏形式为高压突发失稳,破坏前即有逐渐密集、累积频次呈指数增加的AE活动;在35ｋｍ 深度附近,岩石强度急剧降低,样品表现为半延性、延性渐进式破坏,无AE记录．声发射b值随深度增加似有减小的趋势,并且b值在岩石破坏前略小于破坏后．声发射时间序列奇异性强度因子的数值分布范围在18ｋｍ 左右深度的温压条件下最宽,表明其标度类型最多,结构最为复杂、无序;在浅部及更深部位的温压条件下均变窄．因而,当温压条件模拟真实的地壳深度向下改变时,微破裂时间序列奇异性强度因子的分布范围可能会经历由窄变宽、再由宽变窄的变化过程．      

相关函数法计算相关距离的分析探讨

根据数百个土层土性参数相关距离的计算, 对相关函数法计算相关距离的方法、相关函数型式选择、拟合范围等问题进行了分析探讨。