构造侧向挤压与砂岩成岩压实作用--以塔里木盆地为例

从塔里木盆地库车坳陷下侏罗统和西南坳陷白垩系的构造样式、古构造应力值与砂岩成岩压实作用之间相互关系的研究 ,明确提出了构造侧向挤压对砂岩成岩压实有重要的影响 ,它造成的压实减孔量可以是砂岩总压实减孔量的 2 .5 %～ 2 3.6 %。库车坳陷克孜勒努尔 -乌恰沟地区为断层转折褶皱 ,其南翼为高构造应力带、变形强烈 ,它引起的构造挤压减孔量为 5 .6 %～ 6 .6 % ,占总压实减孔量的 17.6 %～ 2 3.6 % ;而吐格尔明地区为断层传播褶皱 ,其南翼的构造变形较弱 ,构造挤压减孔量仅 1.9%～ 2 .1%。西南坳陷七美干地区位于逆冲推覆构造带的中带 ,构造挤压减孔量为 4.9% ,占总压实减孔量的 17.6 % ;而位于前锋带的同由路克地区受构造侧向挤压作用的影响很小。     

可地浸层间氧化带型砂岩铀矿自然电位异常计算

理论和实践表明，在可地浸层间氧化带型砂岩型矿床上可观察到明显的自然电位异常。其起因不同于电子导电体形成的氧化还原电场，而在于发生在层间氧化带中一些非平衡现象之间相互影响所产生的混合电位。根据其自然极化原理，建立了等效数学模型，并对几种常见矿体形态的自然电位异常进行了模拟计算，并分析了曲线特征。最后，讨论了自然电位异常地形校正方法，并给出了几种常见地形条件下自然电位模拟曲线。     

两种方法测定岩矿石密度的对比研究

可地浸砂岩铀矿储量计算中所需的岩矿石密度,目前用取样测定法--石蜡法获得,而放射性物探方法之一γ-γ散射测井作为参考.笔者在新疆吐哈盆地某铀矿床密度测定中,对2种方法测定的密度结果进行了资料整理、研究对比,认为后者完全可以取代前者,提供准确的岩矿石密度值.     

西昆仑塔木—卡兰古铅锌铜矿带含矿岩系的地质地球化学特征

新疆塔木—卡兰古铅锌铜成矿带位于西昆仑与塔里木盆地的结合带 ,是近年来新发现的一个大型矿带。通过对含矿岩系的岩石化学、成矿元素、硫同位素、稀土元素的研究 ,并结合流体包裹体成分及H、O同位素的综合研究分析 ,认为该成矿带可分为两种矿床类型 ,即砂砾岩型铅铜 (钴 )矿和碳酸盐岩型铅锌矿。二者为同一热卤水成矿系统的不同成矿阶段的产物 ,两类矿床可互为找矿标志。下部砂砾岩型矿床的成矿元素组合为Cu Co Pb Ag As(Ni Zn Cd) ,硫同位素组成表明富集轻硫 ,海底热液活动不强烈 ;上部碳酸盐岩型矿床的成矿元素组合为Pb Zn Cd As Ag Ba ,硫同位素分布具塔式结构 ,显示具海水还原硫和深源硫的混合来源 ,有强烈的海底热液活动。提出该成矿带的找矿目标应以上部碳酸盐岩型铅锌矿为主 ,同时应当注意下部砂砾岩型铅铜矿及其含铜砂页岩中钴的综合评价和工业利用。     

致密砂岩气层综合识别方法的改进

识别和评价含气致密储层是测井解释工作所面临的世界性难题之一。在测井曲线特性方面，含气致密储层不同于常规的油气、水层。本文根据测井响应特征，在利用井径、自然伽玛、中子、声波、密度、自然电位及电阻率等常规测井资料综合识别气层方面，对原有判别气层的特征参数进行改进。利用改进后的特征参数识别方法，对实际资料进行处理；通过对比发现，这种改进方法较大地提高了直观识别有效储层的准确率。     

Comparison of the anisotropic behaviour of undeformed sandstones under dry and saturated conditions

This article presents a systematic analysis of the anisotropic behaviours of the Bentheim and Rothbach sandstones using ultrasonic P-wave velocity, electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. For each sandstone, the data were obtained from three core samples drilled perpendicularly to each other and tested in dry- and water-saturated conditions. For acoustic and magnetic investigations, the same statistical analysis was applied in order to present the data on comparable stereoplots. Surprisingly, the Bentheim sandstone which appeared homogeneous at macroscopic scale showed a stronger elastic and electrical anisotropy than the Rothbach sandstone in which cross-laminations were clearly identified, as confirmed by a sedimentary magnetic fabric. A discussion on the velocity contrasts between dry and saturated samples led us to consider two different origins for the observed anisotropies. First, by comparing electrical and acoustic properties in the Bentheim sandstone, we conclude that the nature of the anisotropic behaviour is linked to the anisotropy of pore shape: the inclusion model developed by Kachanov (Kachanov, M., 1993. Elastic solids with many cracks and related problems. Advances in Applied Mechanics, vol. 30. Academic Press, Boston, MA, pp. 259–445) accounts for our observations if one considers that the pore space is made of parallel flat pores with moderate pore aspect ratio. Second, acoustic, electrical and magnetic properties indicate that the observed anisotropy in the Rothbach sandstone can be attributed to the matrix, and more specifically to cementation: we modified the Dvorkin and Nur (Geophysics 61 (5) (1996) 1363) model of cemented granular media by introducing a spatially variable contact length, and the model suggests that a very small variability of cemented contact length is enough to account for the observed P-wave velocity anisotropy. We emphasise the fact that combining several kinds of measurements is of great help in capturing the nature of the anisotropic behaviour of porous rocks.     

Petrography and chemistry of sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin: an archive of the Oligocene to Miocene evolution of the Central Alps

Abstract Oligocene to Miocene fluvial sandstones from the Swiss Molasse Basin were analysed for sandstone framework composition, heavy minerals, whole‐rock geochemistry and detrital chrome spinel chemistry. Samples were taken from the proximal part of the basin close to the Alpine main thrust and are chronostratigraphically calibrated between 31 and 13 Ma. Sandstone composition allows the identification of different source rocks, and their variation in time and space place constraints on the Oligocene to Miocene evolution of the Central Alps. In the eastern part of the basin, sandstones document a normal unroofing sequence with the downcutting from Austroalpine sedimentary cover into Austroalpine crystalline rocks and, slightly later at ≈ 21 Ma, into Penninic ophiolites. In the central part, downcutting into crystalline basement rocks occurred at ≈ 25 Ma, and the removal of the sedimentary cover was much more advanced than in the east. This may be interpreted as a first signal from the doming of the Lepontine area. At ≈ 20 Ma, extensional tectonics in the hinterland led to the first exposure of low‐grade metamorphic rocks from the footwall of the Simplon Fault in the Central Alps. Erosion of these rocks persisted up to the youngest sediments at ≈ 13 Ma. In the western part of the basin, a contribution from granitoid and (ultra)mafic rocks is documented as early as ≈ 28 Ma. The source for the (ultra)mafic detritus is Penninic ophiolites from the Piemonte zone of the western Alps, which were already exposed at the surface at that time.     

Petrography, diagenesis and provenance of Eocene Tyee Basin sandstones, southern Oregon Coast Range: New view from sequence stratigraphy

Abstract Sandstone petrography considered within a sequence stratigraphic framework provides a better understanding of the characteristics of the Eocene Tyee Basin, an accretionary and forearc sequence, southern Oregon Coast Range. Detailed comparison of the relative abundance of major framework grains documents a marked difference in the sandstone composition of each depositional sequence. Such a difference is mainly due to an abrupt change in provenance, from a local Klamath Mountains metasedimentary source to a more distant extrabasinal Idaho Batholith‐Clarno volcanic arc source. Furthermore, the composition of framework grains varies systematically from the lowstand systems tract to the highstand systems tract within a depositional sequence. This suggests that relative sea level change in the depositional basin, and tectonics in the source area, can affect the patterns of sedimentation and sandstone composition. In addition, the Eocene Tyee Basin sandstones have a down‐section distribution of authigenic minerals, consisting of early formed zeolites and late‐stage quartz, as well as a change in the abundance of smectite to mixed‐layer chlorite/smectite with increasing burial depth. The down‐section distribution of authigenic minerals is also causally linked to the compositional variation of framework grains in each depositional sequence with increasing burial temperature. Much primary porosity has been filled with these authigenic minerals, which diminishes the permeability of potential reservoir rocks. Reservoir‐quality porosities and permeabilities, however, are present locally in the basin. The development of these reservoir‐quality sandstones within the Eocene Tyee Basin sequence is due to a complex burial diagenesis, which is directly related to temporal and spatial variations in original detrital mineralogy, in sedimentation pattern, and in burial temperature in the basin.     

松辽盆地第三系含砾砂岩、砂砾岩层钻探硬质合金钻头的研究

设计试验了几种硬质合金钻头，得出发了在设计钻井含砾砂岩、砂砾岩层的硬质合金钻头时，应适当增加钻头口径，并应以球头硬质合金作为主要切削具的结论。     

乌干达Albertine地堑含沥青砂岩的发现及其地球化学意义

Albertine地堑是乌干达共和国具有油气勘探潜力的中新生代断陷，通过野外考察及对采集样品的地球化学分析及综合研究，对该地堑的油气潜力有了一些初步认识，油－油对比表明，Paraa和Kibiro油苗具有相似的生烃源岩，而且烃源岩母质类型较好，含丰富的淡水灌类，Kivuku油苗母质类型较差，以陆生高等植物输入为主；油苗应源自5白垩系或下敏感系地层中的某一套烃源岩；2块含沥青砂岩具有相同的有机质来源,以陆源有机质输入为主，且明显不同于油苗，可能来自上敏感系地层本身，即该地堑至少存在两套成熟烃源岩，成熟度分析表明，Paraa和Kibiro油苗成熟度较高，为烃源岩在生烃高峰期的产物；Kibuku油苗成熟度稍低，为烃源岩在生烃高峰前的产物；含沥青砂岩成熟度低于油苗；沉积环境分析表明，该地暂沉积环境变化较大，特别是沉积水体的咸度变化较大，油苗的原始母质为淡水湖相沉积，Kibiro地区的生烃凹陷水体较深，淡水藻类发育；Kibuku地区生烃册陷水体较浅，陆生植物繁盛，含沥青砂岩的原始母质为咸水沉积环境。