漠河盆地中侏罗统砂岩地球化学特征及物源属性分析

漠河盆地的中侏罗统.砂岩具有高SiO2、低Fe2O3、FeO 、MgO 和轻稀土元素富集, 重稀土相对亏损,显示弱的负Eu异常的特征.综合分析砂岩的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的地球化学特征,经构造判别图解,笔者认为漠河盆地中侏罗统沉积时物源区具有大陆岛弧和活动大陆边缘的构造环境.盆地南侧的额尔古纳地块北缘古生代杂岩可能是盆地的主要物源.     

中新生代构造演化对砂岩型铀矿床成矿的制约——来自伊盟隆起磷灰石裂变径迹的证据

砂岩型铀矿床具有水成的、动态的、开放的特征,其形成及后期改造与盆地构造隆升关系密切。本文在热年代学研究的基础上,查明了伊盟隆起中生代以来具有四期构造抬升事件:150～126 Ma、110～100 Ma、100～75 Ma、50～35 Ma,且四期抬升事件隆升强度逐渐降低。其中第一期(150～126Ma)抬升事件以南北向的差异性抬升过程为特征,第二期(110～100 Ma)抬升事件表现为东隆西降的掀斜过程,第三、四期(100～75 Ma和50～35 Ma)抬升事件表现为整体抬升。通过与伊盟隆起周缘地区对比,发现伊盟隆起与贺兰山地区作为统一的整体共同经历了四期抬升事件,30Ma以来贺兰山快速隆升与鄂尔多斯盆地分离,并伴随银川盆地形成。在系统统计研究区内砂岩型铀矿成矿年代学成果基础上,总结出伊盟隆起内三期砂岩型铀矿床成矿过程:第一期为早白垩世128.2±4.2Ma～120±11Ma;第二期为晚白垩世90±5.3Ma～71±8 Ma;第三期为古近纪古新世-新近纪中新世54.6±1.8 Ma～20±2Ma。第一期成矿作用发生于第一期和第二期构造抬升转换期,第二期和第三期成矿作用分别与第三期和第四...     

莺歌海盆地LD10气田砂岩储层可动流体特征与天然气充注下限

针对近海盆地低渗砂岩气藏含气量较低,物性下限不明显的难题,本文进行了莺歌海盆地LD10气田低渗砂岩储层流体可动性、天然气充注下限及充注过程的研究。结果表明：研究区发育3种类型储层,分别为：(1)强溶蚀-大孔粗喉可动型Ⅰ类储层,质量最好,大孔喉为优势运移通道;(2)弱溶蚀-中孔细喉部分可动型Ⅱ类储层,较高动力下储层可动流体占比高;(3)致密-微孔管束喉道束缚型Ⅲ类储层,发育极少大孔喉,含气饱和度差异较大。大孔喉分布、储层物性是控制低渗储层流体可动性的主要因素。综合考虑储层流体可动性的微观与宏观因素,认为LD10气田低渗砂岩储层气体可动性的孔喉半径下限为0.1μm,渗透率下限为0.125×10^-3μm²,Ⅲ类储层致密,可作为遮挡层。天然气充注动力较低或充注初期,Ⅰ类储层为气藏聚集的有利区;当天然气充注动力充足时,Ⅰ类储层既是优势运移通道,也是气藏的优势聚集区,Ⅱ类储层为有效储层。研究成果对低渗砂岩储层有效性的判别和气藏有利区的预测具有借鉴意义。     

Pore structure characteristics of tight sandstones in the northern Songliao Basin,China

Understanding the pore structure characteristics of tight gas sandstones is the primary purpose of reservoir evaluation and efforts to characterize tight gas transport and storage mechanisms and their controls. Due to the various pore types and multi-scale pore sizes in tight reservoirs, it is essential to combine several techniques to characterize pore structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen gas adsorption (N₂GA), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were conducted on tight sandstones from the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in the northern Songliao Basin to investigate pore structure characteristics systematically (e.g., type and size distribution of pores) and to establish how significant porosity and permeability are for different pore types. The studied tight sandstones are composed of intergranular pores, dissolution pores and intercrystalline pores. The integration of N₂GA and NMR can be used as an efficient method to uncover full pore size distribution (PSD) of tight sandstones, with pore sizes ranging from 2 nm to dozens of microns. The full PSDs indicate that the pore sizes of tight sandstones are primarily distributed within 1.0 μm. With an increase in porosity and permeability, pores with larger sizes contribute more to porosity. Intercrystalline pores and intergranular/dissolution pores can be clearly distinguished on the basis of mercury intrusion and surface fractal. The relative contribution of intercrystalline pores to porosity ranges from 58.43% to 91.74% with an average of 79.74%. The intercrystalline pores are the primary contributor to pore space, whereas intergranular/dissolution pores make a considerably greater contribution to permeability. A specific quantity of intergranular/dissolution pores is the key to producing high porosity and permeability in tight sandstone reservoirs. The new two permeability estimation models show an applicable estimation of permeability with R² values of 0.955 and 0.962 for models using D_max (pore diameter corresponding to displacement pressure) and D_f (pore diameter at inflection point), respectively. These results indicate that both D_max and D_f are key factors in determining permeability.     

Effects of periodic saturation on stress–strain relationship of a sandstone mixture

While a crushed sandstone particle mixture, usually used as an engineering fill, is filled along bank of or in a large reservoir, it is subjected to periodic saturation induced by filling-drawdown cycles of reservoir water. The periodic saturation may induce post-construction settlement, and reduce stability of the filled body. In order to evaluate the effects of periodic saturation on stress–strain relationship of the mixture, several triaxial tests are carried out. According to experimental data, the periodic saturation may induce an increment of axial strain (Δε; <0.226%), a decrement of crest of deviator stress (Δ(σ₁?σ₃)_f; <0.192?MPa) and a decrement of angle of shearing resistance (Δφ; <3.70°). With increment of the number of periodic saturation cycles, the variations of the three parameters may be fitted by logarithmic curves. And with increase in the stress level for periodic saturation, the variations of the three parameters may be fitted by straight lines. Three fitting equations to predict the three parameters’ values, and an equation to calculate the settlement induced by the periodic saturation of a large-area filled foundation, are suggested.     

Sequence stratigraphy,sedimentary facies and reservoir quality of Es4s,southern slope of Dongying Depression,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

Thin-bedded beach-bar sandstone reservoirs are common in the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es4s) of Niuzhuang Sag, along the southern gentle slope of the Dongying Depression. Here we report on the link between sequence stratigraphy, sedimentary facies and diagenetic effects on reservoir quality. Seismic data, wireline logs, core observations and analyses are used to interpret depositional settings and sequence stratigraphic framework. Petrographic study based on microscopic observation of optical, cathodoluminescence (CL), confocal laser scanning (LSCM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to describe the fabric, texture, allogenic and authigenic mineralogy of these highly heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs. The Es4s interval is interpreted as third-order sequence, composed of a lowstand systems tract (LST), a transgressive systems tract (TST) and a highstand systems tract (HST). On the fourth order, twenty-nine parasequences and seven parasequence sets have been identified. Sand bodies were deposited mainly in the shoreface shallow lake beach-bar (clastic beach-bar), semi-deep lake (carbonate beach-bar) and the fluvial channels. The depositional and diagenetic heterogeneities were mainly due to the following factors: (1) fine grain size, poor sorting, and continuous thin inter-bedded mud layers with siltstone/fine-sandstone having argillaceous layers in regular intervals, (2) immature sediment composition, and (3) even with the dissolution of grains and several fractures, destruction of porosity by cementation and compaction. Secondary pores from feldspar dissolution are better developed in sandstones with increased cementation. Grain coating smectite clays preserved the primary porosity at places while dominating pore filling authigenic illite and illite/smectite clays reduced permeability with little impact on porosity. Due to the high degree of heterogeneity in the Es4s beach-bar interval, it is recognized as middle to low permeable reservoir. The aforementioned study reflects significant insight into the understanding of the properties of the beach-bar sands and valuable for the comprehensive reservoir characterization and overall reservoir bed quality.     

渤海海域新近系河流相砂岩储层描述技术

针对海上河流相砂岩油田单砂体厚度薄,井间储层横向变化快,纵向上油气水间互,平面上连通性差等特点,渤海通过十多年的不断探索和实践,发展完善了定量描述砂体展布的储层描述技术.该技术很大程度上解决了在海上探井井距大,井控程度低,取心资料较少等情况下的储层横向展布问题,并基于已钻井资料,总结出如何在探井之间寻找潜力砂体的经验.随着渤海越来越多的河流相油田投入开发,储层描述技术的可靠性也得到证实.大量实例证明,该技术是渤海油田新近系河流相砂岩储层预测与描述的有效技术手段,其思路和方法也可借鉴到类似地质背景下的河流相岩性油气藏评价.     

冀中坳陷深县凹陷东营组砂岩储层特征及影响因素

冀中坳陷深县凹陷东营组砂岩储层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩或岩屑长石砂岩为主,岩石成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,反映了近物源和多物源的特征。通过对研究区的岩心化验分析资料、薄片和扫描电镜资料的分析,认为深县凹陷东营组储集空间类型主要包括原生孔隙和次生孔隙两类,其中以原生的粒间孔隙为主。研究区岩性孔渗资料的统计结果表明,储层的物性较好,基本为中高孔中渗型储层,根据深县凹陷储层评价标准,可以将深县凹陷储层分为4类,东营组储层主要是Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类储层。深县凹陷东营组主要为辫状河流相沉积,其沉积作用直接决定着储集砂体的类型、展布范围以及后期成岩改造作用。而储层储集性能主要受原始沉积作用及后期成岩作用共同控制,控制储层孔隙演化的成岩作用主要为机械压实作用和胶结作用。     

河道砂岩体地震反射特征分析

按河道形态,河流分为４类：（１）顺直河;（２）曲流河;（３）辫状河;（４）网状河。根据河道砂岩体主体的宽（ｗ）与（ｈ）高之比,河道砂岩体分为带状砂岩体（ｗ∶ｈ小于１５）和席状砂岩体（ｗ∶ｈ大于１５）。在参考前人资料的基础上,总结了在横切河道的地震剖面上河道砂岩体的反射形态、结构及振幅变化。重点介绍了曲流河内侧沙洲地震勘探,以及三维地震勘探技术在寻找河道砂岩体方面的应用。并强调指出,在河道砂岩体地震勘探中,应当加强地震资料与钻井资料、测井资料的结合。     

兰坪——思茅盆地砂页岩中铜矿床成矿物质来源研究

兰坪－思茅中,新生代盆地砂页岩中铜矿床的微量元素特征,稀土配分型式以及硫、铅、碳、氧、氢、硅等同位素等表明,成矿金属物质、硫和碳、既有来自赋矿岩石（包括火山岩）,又有来自基底岩石,同时还有深部物质的参与。成矿溶液主要来自大气降水、矿化和蚀变作用是在水／岩比值较低的体系中进行的。