Matrix‐rich and associated matrix‐poor sandstones: Avulsion splays in slope and basin‐floor strata

A common facies observed in deep‐water slope and especially basin‐floor rocks of the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup (British Columbia, Canada) is structureless, coarse‐tail graded, medium‐grained to coarse‐grained sandstone with from 30% to >50% mud matrix content (i.e. matrix‐rich). Bed contacts are commonly sharp, flat and loaded. Matrix‐rich sandstone beds typically form laterally continuous units that are up to several metres thick and several tens to hundreds of metres wide, and commonly adjacent to units of comparatively matrix‐poor, scour‐based sandstone beds with large tabular mudstone and sandstone clasts. Matrix‐rich units are common in proximal basin‐floor (Upper Kaza Group) deposits, but occur also in more distal basin‐floor (Middle Kaza Group) and slope (Isaac Formation) deposits. Regardless of stratigraphic setting, matrix‐rich units typically are directly and abruptly overlain by architectural elements comprising matrix‐poor coarse sandstone (i.e. channels and splays). Despite a number of similarities with previously described matrix‐rich beds in the literature, for example slurry beds, linked debrites and co‐genetic turbidites, a number of important differences exist, including the stratal make‐up of individual beds (for example, the lack of a clean sandstone turbidite base) and their stratigraphic occurrence (present throughout base of slope and basin‐floor strata, but most common in proximal lobe deposits) and accordingly suggest a different mode of emplacement. The matrix‐rich, poorly sorted nature of the beds and the abundance and size of tabular clasts in laterally equivalent sandstones imply intense upstream scouring, most probably related to significant erosion by an energetic plane‐wall jet or within a submerged hydraulic jump. Rapid energy loss coupled with rapid charging of the flow with fine‐grained sediment probably changed the rheology of the flow and promoted deposition along the margins of the jet. Moreover, these distinctive matrix‐rich strata are interpreted to represent the energetic initiation of the local sedimentary system, most probably caused by a local upflow avulsion.     

强夯法处理某变电站红砂岩填土地基的试验研究

通过对某变电站红砂岩填土地基的强夯试验研究,验证了强夯设计参数,为基础设计提供了依据,并对红砂岩地区采用强夯地基处理技术进行了探讨,供类似工程的设计、施工及检测借鉴参考。     

Reprint of: Diagenetic controls on evolution of porosity and permeability in lower Tertiary Wilcox sandstones from shallow to ultradeep (200–6700 m) burial,Gulf of Mexico Basin,U.S.A.

Reservoir quality is a critical risk factor in deep to ultradeep reservoirs at depths >4.5 km. Analysis of Paleogene Wilcox sandstones on the upper Texas Gulf Coast provides insight into the evolution of reservoir quality during shallow to ultradeep burial diagenesis. Reduction of porosity and permeability with burial in Wilcox sandstones was evaluated using subsurface samples from 200 to 6700 m, at temperatures of 25–230 °C. Diagenesis and petrophysical properties were interpreted from petrographic data and core analyses. Wilcox sandstones are mostly lithic arkoses and feldspathic litharenites having an average composition of Q₅₉F₂₂R₁₉. Provenance did not change significantly during Wilcox deposition in this area, nor does average sandstone composition vary among lower, middle, and upper Wilcox sandstones. However, composition does vary with sequence-stratigraphic position; lowstand slope-fan deposits contain more rock fragments than do deposits from highstand or transgressive systems tracts. Given observations from this onshore dataset, Wilcox sandstones deposited in deepwater environments in the Gulf of Mexico are likely to contain more rock fragments than their linked highstand equivalents.     

大兴安岭北部砂宝斯蚀变砂岩型金矿地质特征

砂宝斯金矿为我国最近在黑龙江省漠河县发现的一大型蚀变砂岩型金矿床 (平均品位 4 .0 2× 10 -6)。矿体仅赋存于侏罗系二十二站组砂岩中 ,其下伏地层并不含矿。矿体分缓倾顺层矿体和陡倾穿层矿体 ,分别受 NS向缓倾断裂和陡倾断裂构造控制。矿石类型有蚀变砂岩型和构造破碎蚀变砂岩型 ,为少硫化物型矿石 ,其中金主要为微细粒金。稳定同位素及流体包裹体资料表明成矿流体是以天水为主的中低温热液。     

海南流沙港组致密砂岩体积压裂工艺研究及应用

福山凹陷流沙港组致密砂岩是海南福山油田勘探开发的重要目标之一。受复杂构造演化影响,该区致密砂岩具有砂泥薄互层明显、低孔低渗、高温等特征,为了解决以往储层改造中经常出现的施工压力高、缝高失控、砂堵、单井产量低、压裂后产量下降快等问题。借鉴非常规体积压裂技术,采用变排量、人工隔层控缝高、暂堵转向等工艺,同时进一步优化压裂液,应用纳米增效洗油剂,在福山油田致密砂岩开展了4口井次试验。研究结果表明：非常规体积压裂技术可有效降低砂堵风险,提高福山油田致密砂岩储层的改造效果。变排量、人工隔层控缝高、暂堵转向压裂等储层改造工艺的实施,有效控制了缝高,提高了储层的压开程度。纳米增效洗油剂的应用,最大限度地降低了液体对地层和裂缝的伤害,发挥了纳米液滴渗吸洗油作用,增加了油气井的稳产期。     

松辽盆地南部泉头组砂岩型铀矿成矿条件分析

通过对松辽盆地南部泉头组砂岩型铀成矿条件分析认为: 泉头组半干旱的亚热带古气候对成矿有利。河流相和三角洲相沉积具有形成厚大砂体的条件。砂体较为发育, 单层砂体厚度可达42 m。虽砂体中有机质含量较低, 但泉头组下部含煤层中的烃类可通过断裂构造及不整合面上升进入砂体, 弥补还原剂的不足。工业铀矿孔的发现反映出泉头组有铀的大规模富集。总之, 泉头组是松辽盆地南部一个重要的找矿目的层, 找矿意义重大。     

致密砂岩气藏可动流体赋存特征的微观地质因素: 以苏里格气田东部盒8段储层为例

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济阳坳陷横波速度研究及应用

随着多波勘探的发展,横波已越来越多地应用在实际勘探生产中,横波速度参数研究对于指导勘探是十分必要的.笔者利用纵横波VSP测井得到的纵横波速度,根据最小平方误差建立的速度模型,建立了济阳坳陷的纵波、横波、转换波速度参数,应用转换波速度参数提高了盐家地区的多波资料解释精度;利用多种资料总结出纵横波速度关系,为本区今后开展多波勘探提供基础资料.     

从铀系列同位素角度探讨砂岩型铀矿的形成过程及找矿标志

本文通过对512矿床含矿层不同地段铀系列同位素研究,对砂岩型铀矿的形成过程及找矿标志进行了探讨,根据矿卷前锋铀系列同位素组成分布规律和含矿层不同氧化还原分带中样品铀系列同位素分布特征,认为砂岩型铀矿含矿层岩石的铀系列同位素组成分区特征不仅可以记录铀富集的滚动成矿过程,而且可以作为预测铀矿化的重要找矿标志依据,A区应定名为"氧化还原矛盾区"较为合适.