浅谈利用GPS布设大型桥梁施工控制网

结合本公司实施的一个大桥施工控制网测量项目,详细介绍了利用GPS进行大型桥梁施工控制网布设的方法,从方案比选、选点埋石、坐标系和投影面选择、测量过程中的质量控制措施、控制网的复测与维护等方面做了较为详细的介绍。     

基于数据库的大比例尺基础地理数据缩编需要注意的一些问题

提出了基于数据库的大比例尺基础地理数据缩编需要注意的一些问题，并从加强数据设计的完整性、作好数据准备工作，提高自动化处理功能，人机交互辅助缩编，满足地图回放的要求，加强数据质量控制等方面阐述了实现基于数据库缩编的实用方法。     

晋江市金井镇规划测绘方案

随着经济的快速发展，原有的测绘成果已经无法满足金井镇的规划建设需要，有必要在全镇进行大范围测绘。本文对晋江市金井镇规划测绘进行详细论证，为实施提供依据。     

浅谈利用GPS布设大型桥梁施工控制网

结合本公司实施的一个大桥施工控制网测量项目，详细介绍了利用GPS进行大型桥梁施工控制网布设的方法，从方案比选、选点埋石、坐标系和投影面选择、测量过程中的质量控制措施、控制网的复测与维护等方面做了较为详细的介绍。     

RTK在航测像控点测量中的应用

重点介绍了RTK技术在航测像控点测量中的应用，同时对GPSRTK技术的原理，软、硬件配置以及操作流程等方面也进行了简要阐述。通过应用并分析得出，GPSRTK技术完全可以满足航测像控点测量的精度要求，并且与常规方法相比具有很大的优越性，具有广泛的应用前景。     

The energy balance experiment EBEX-2000. Part II: Intercomparison of eddy-covariance sensors and post-field data processing methods

The eddy-covariance method is the primary way of measuring turbulent fluxes directly. Many investigators have found that these flux measurements often do not satisfy a fundamental criterion—closure of the surface energy balance. This study investigates to what extent the eddy-covariance measurement technology can be made responsible for this deficiency, in particular the effects of instrumentation or of the post-field data processing. Therefore, current eddy-covariance sensors and several post-field data processing methods were compared. The differences in methodology resulted in deviations of 10% for the sensible heat flux and of 15% for the latent heat flux for an averaging time of 30 min. These disparities were mostly due to different sensor separation corrections and a linear detrending of the data. The impact of different instrumentation on the resulting heat flux estimates was significantly higher. Large deviations from the reference system of up to 50% were found for some sensor combinations. However, very good measurement quality was found for a CSAT3 sonic together with a KH20 krypton hygrometer and also for a UW sonic together with a KH20. If these systems are well calibrated and maintained, an accuracy of better than 5% can be achieved for 30-min values of sensible and latent heat flux measurements. The results from the sonic anemometers Gill Solent-HS, ATI-K, Metek USA-1, and R.M. Young 81000 showed more or less larger deviations from the reference system. The LI-COR LI-7500 open-path H₂O/CO₂ gas analyser in the test was one of the first serial numbers of this sensor type and had technical problems regarding direct solar radiation sensitivity and signal delay. These problems are known by the manufacturer and improvements of the sensor have since been made. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is supported by the National Science Foundation.     

大比例尺土地利用数据库建设有关技术问题的探讨

地籍调查、村集体土地所有权调查和土地利用调查对调查底图的要求不同,在土地利用数据库建设的过程中应综合考虑;GPS、GIS和RS技术的应用,改变了土地利用调查的技术流程,提高了调查效率;土地利用数据库质量控制包括质量检查方法、质量标准和质量责任体系。     

Spatio-temporal characteristics of small-scale wave–current ripples on the Ameland ebb-tidal delta

Ebb-tidal deltas are highly dynamic environments affected by both waves and currents that approach the coast under various angles. Among other bedforms of various scales, these hydrodynamics create small-scale bedforms (ripples), which increase the bed roughness and will therefore affect hydrodynamics and sediment transport. In morphodynamic models, sediment transport predictions depend on the roughness height, but the accuracy of these predictors has not been tested for field conditions with strongly mixed (wave–current dominated) forcing. In this study, small-scale bedforms were observed in the field with a 3D Profiling Sonar at five locations on the Ameland ebb-tidal delta, the Netherlands. Hydrodynamic conditions ranged from wave dominated to current dominated, but were mixed most of the time. Small-scale ripples were found on all studied parts of the delta, superimposed on megaripples. Even though a large range of hydrodynamic conditions was encountered, the spatio-temporal variations in small-scale ripple dimensions were relatively small (height 0.015 m, length 0.11 m). Also, the ripples were always highly three-dimensional. These small dimensions are probably caused by the fact that the bed consists of relatively fine sediment. Five bedform height predictors were tested, but they all overestimated the ripple heights, partly because they were not created for small grain sizes. Furthermore, the predictors all have a strong dependence on wave- and current-related velocities, whereas the ripple heights measured here were only related to the near-bed orbital velocity. Therefore, ripple heights and lengths in wave–current-dominated, fine-grained coastal areas ( mm) may be best estimated by constant values rather than values dependent on the hydrodynamics. In the case of the Ameland ebb-tidal delta, these values were found to be m and m. ©2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

山东省德州市地面沉降控沉分析及建议

山东省德州市地面沉降具有发展历史久、沉降量大、分布范围广、持续发展等特征,地面沉降防治工作形势紧迫。为分析《山东省德州市地面沉降防治规划(2018—2025年)》控沉目标如期实现的可能性,以德州市地面沉降现状及现有防治手段为基础,通过区域地面沉降速率公式量化计算及中心沉降速率预测进行控沉目标可行性分析。结果表明,在最严格的水资源管理制度条件下,控沉目标可以实现。针对地面沉降防治存在的问题,如地面沉降监测手段及监测频率有待提高、防治经费缺乏保障、地面沉降成因机理研究不深入、治理欠缺等,从管理和技术两方面出发,提出了包括健全监测网络、控采地下水、加大地面沉降知识宣传等控沉建议。该研究可为德州市切实有效进行地面沉降防治工作提供参考。     

利用地基土应力分布原理确定砂垫层厚度

软弱土层场地若采用天然地基不能满足建筑物所需强度与沉降要求,采用换土撼砂法就可以提高地基的承载力。运用应力分布原理合理确定撼砂层厚度不仅可保证工程稳固性,并可节约投资和缩短工期。