胶州湾湿地时空演化遥感分析与质量评价

胶州湾湿地是山东半岛面积最大的河口海湾型湿地,对于完善青岛城市生态功能具有重要意义。通过对胶州湾区域2003,2007和2011年3个时相SPOT-5卫星遥感数据的解译,得到相应年份的分类后影像,在此基础上计算各个地物类型的面积,得到胶州湾湿地核心区、实验区和缓冲区的面积变化图表以及相应区域地物类型的组成架构和质量评价系数。分析结果表明:胶州湾湿地的面积变化与质量变化并不一致,其湿地面积呈下降趋势,湿地质量在2003~2007年呈现下降趋势,而在2007~2011年却有所回升,这是由人为因素和自然因素共同影响导致的,其中人为因素占主导。     

广东省自然资源调查监测分类标准体系研究

自然资源分类是自然资源管理和国土空间规划的基础,是开展调查监测工作的前提,应遵循山水林田湖草是一个生命共同体的理念。本文首先综合分析了现有自然资源分类标准的现状和面临的问题,然后结合广东省特色,对其自然资源调查监测分类标准的总体思路、分类原则、体制机制及具体分类建议等进行了深入探讨,着力解决现有自然资源分类中存在的概念不一、内容有交叉、指标相矛盾等问题,以期为正在开展的广东省自然资源调查监测试点工作提供思路,同时为国家自然资源分类标准的制定提供一定启发。     

A peat core based estimate of Late-glacial and Holocene methane emissions from northern peatlands

We estimate the intensity of Late-glacial and Holocene methane emissions from peatlands based on their paleo net primary production (PNPP). The PNPP is derived from the carbon accumulation rates of the studied bog profile (Etang de la Gruère, Switzerland), which are corrected for the degree of peat degradation. The obtained PNPP curve is taken as a proxy for methane emissions. It shows relatively high values (90 g C m^− 2 yr^− 1) early in the Bolling/Allerod and drops to low values (40 g C m^− 2 yr^− 1) during the Younger Dryas cold period. With the onset of the Holocene the PNPP increases strongly up to 150 g C m^− 2 yr^− 1 around ca. 10,000 Cal. yr bp. This is followed by a decline to minimum values (30 to 40 g C m^− 2 yr^− 1) between 6500 and 4000 Cal. yr bp. Thereafter, the PNPP starts to increase again to reach its highest value (175 g C m^− 2 yr^− 1) around 1000 Cal. yr bp.The PNPP curve correlates well with the evolution of the atmospheric methane concentrations as derived from Greenland ice-cores. For example, minima in atmospheric methane reported during the Younger Dryas and around 5200 Cal. yr bp are coinciding with the lowest values of PNPP and the negative atmospheric methane peak at 8200 Cal. yr bp corresponds to a marked decrease in PNPP.Our PNPP curve suggests that the methane emissions from northern peatlands evolved similar to those of low latitude wetlands and together they largely determined the evolution of atmospheric methane throughout the Late-glacial and the Holocene. The abruptness of the rise of atmospheric methane at the end of the Younger Dryas probably points to an additional source (e.g. marine gas hydrates), but very early in the Holocene the peatlands have likely become the dominant source of atmospheric methane.     

长江口海平面上升预测及其对滨海湿地影响

选择吴淞站和吕四站2个验潮站数据,通过统计学方法进行长江口海平面上升预测,从而构建了一套长江口地区较完备的海平面上升情景库：以2013年为基准年份,其最佳预测值的范围在2030年、2050年、2100年分别为50~217 mm,118~430 mm,256~1215 mm。以此情景库为基础,探究海平面上升变化对长江口滨海湿地的影响,结果表明：随着海平面上升值的增加,长江口滨海湿地的面积不断减少;在基于验潮站数据作趋势外推得到的情景下,湿地面积减少较平缓,而在考虑全球变暖背景的情景下,湿地面积减少迅速;且不论在何种情景下,时间尺度越大,湿地减少的面积越大。     

Catching a wave? A case study on incorporating storm protection benefits into Habitat Equivalency Analysis

Since Hurricane Sandy, there has been heightened attention to increasing the resilience of coastal communities to extreme events, including storm protection provided by coastal ecosystems. Storm protection benefits (SPB) are the ability of ecosystems, including wetlands, reefs, and beaches/dunes, to attenuate waves and storm surge. SPB are a topic of growing interest in the scientific and policy spheres, including discussions of how to incorporate SPB into existing policies. As an engine for restoration and a leading mechanism for the evaluation of ecosystem services, Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) provides a platform for better internalizing this and other services into decision-making particularly using Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA). HEA does not explicitly account for impacts to ecosystem services that flow from one habitat to an adjacent one. This study examines a hypothetical case study of an oil spill that impacts a marsh with resulting impacts on SPB to the adjacent upland forest. To more fully assess these impacts, a “nested HEA” was developed which accounts for cross-habitat ecosystem service flows. The nested HEA captures the impacts of the marsh loss on the forest due to wave and saltwater intrusion that would not be captured by a traditional HEA. By adapting the HEA approach with a nested HEA, NRDA could quantify direct ecosystem services losses as well as additional cross-service flows between habitats. However, additional data are needed in order to perform a nested HEA, and in the case of SPB, location-specific data likely will be needed to appropriately specify the model.     

黄河上游玛曲湿地退化现状、成因及保护对策

位于黄河上游的玛曲湿地由于地处特殊的地理位置,具有特殊的生态功能,除了蓄水、涵养水源和维持生物多样性外,对调节黄河水量、泥沙量、小气候和维持区域生态平衡、社会经济的可持续发展具有重大意义。但近年来玛曲湿地大面积干涸和萎缩、湿地功能退化现象十分严重,这是自然因素与人为因素综合作用的结果。在对玛曲湿地退化因素深入分析与研究的基础上,提出了相应的保护对策。对于其保护,即要有制度的完善,又要有成熟的治理技术,制度应优先于技术;只有在制度不断完善、法制不断健全和人们思想观念逐渐提高的前提下,再采用先进的、可操作性强的、行之有效的治理技术,经过长期的治理与保护,玛曲持续多年的湿地退化问题才能从根本上得到解决。     

盐城滨海湿地景观变化分段研究

在ERDAS、ArcGIS等软件支持下,利用3S技术将1期研究区植被分布图和3期遥感影像,提取出4期盐城滨海湿地景观分布图,并对这4期的湿地景现属性数据进行分段对比,即按照控制研究区湿地景观分布的不同影响因素,将研究区从北向南分为3段区域进行对比分析.结果表明:盐城滨海湿地在1980-2008年期间,自然景观,包括河口...     

Analysis of growing season carbon and water fluxes of a subalpine wetland in the Canadian Rocky Mountains: Implications of shade on ecosystem water use efficiency

Mountain regions are an important regulator in the global water cycle through their disproportionate water contribution. Often referred to as the “Water Towers of the World”, mountains contribute 40%–60% of the world's annual surface flow. Shade is a common feature in mountains, where complex terrain cycles land surfaces in and out of shadows over daily and seasonal scales, which can impact water use. This study investigated the turbulent water and carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes during the snow-free period in a subalpine wetland in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, from 7 June to 10 September 2018. Shading had a significant and substantial effect on water and CO₂ fluxes at our site. When considering data from the entire study period, each hourly increase of shade per day reduced evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary production (GPP) by 0.42 mm and 0.77 g C m^?2, equivalent to 17% and 15% per day, respectively. However, the variability in shading changed throughout the study, it was stable to start and increased towards the end. Only during the peak growing season, the site experienced days with both stable and increasing shade. During this time, we found that shade, caused by the local complex terrain, reduced ET and potentially increased GPP, likely due to enhanced diffuse radiation. The overall result was greater water use efficiency during periods of increased shading in the peak growing season. These findings suggest that shaded subalpine wetlands can store large volumes of water for late season runoff and are productive through short growing seasons.